Mya Angelou :: Essays Papers

Mya AngelouToni Morrison, the first fateful woman to receive Nobel Prize in Literature, was born Chloe Anthony Wofford on February 18, 1931 in Lorain, Ohio, U.S.A. She was the second of four children of George Wofford, a shipyard welder and Ramah Willis Wofford. Her parents moved to Ohio from the South to escape racism and to find better opportunities in the North. Her father was a hardworking and dignified man. While the children were growing up, he worked three jobs at the same time for almost 17 years. He took a great charter of pride in the quality of his work, so that each time he welded a perfect seam hed also weld his boot onto the side of the ship. He also made sure to be well-dressed, even during the Depression. Her mother was a church-going woman and she sang in the choir. At home, Chloe heard many songs and tales of Southern coloured folklore. The Woffords were proud of their heritage. Lorain was a small industrial town populated with immigrant Europeans, Mexicans and Southern blacks who lived next to each other. Chloe attended an integrated school. In her first grade, she was the only black student in her class and the only one who could read. She was friends with many of her white schoolmates and did not encounter discrimination until she started dating. She hoped one day to become a dancer like her favorite ballerina, Maria Tallchief, and she also loved to read. Her early favorites were the Russian writers Tolstoy and Dostoyevski, French author Gustave Flaubert and English novelist Jane Austen. She was an excellent student and she graduated with honors from Lorain High cultivate in 1949. Chloe Wofford then attended the prestigious Howard University in Washington, D.C., where she majored in English with a minor in classics. Since many people couldnt pronounce her first name correctly, she changed it to Toni, a shortened version of her middle name. She joined a repertory company, the Howard University Players, with whom she made several tours of the South. She saw firsthand the life of the blacks there, the life her parents had escaped by moving north. Toni Wofford graduated from Howard University in 1953 with a B.A. in English. She then attended Cornell University in Ithaca, New York, and received a masters degree in 1955. After graduating, Toni was offered a job at Texas Southern University in Houston, where she taught introductory English.

The Evil Iago of Shakespeares Othello Essay -- GCSE English Literatur

How shall I murder him, Iago?   This one line, spoken by Othello, in Shakespeares play of the equivalent name speaks volumes of the diabolic and deceitful nature of the character being spoken to, Iago. The ability to turn a noble, self controlled, respected man such as Othello into a raving, murderous lunatic can only be had by an evil man such as Iago. Iago is conniving, vengeful, vain, ruinous, dishonest, egotistical and paranoid. This makes him one of the most evil men in all of literature.   The first of many examples of Iagos villainy occurs in scene one of act one. His vain ego has been hurt. Othello has chosen a scholarly theoric to be his lieutenant instead of Iago. Iago has this to say of Othellos choice   Forsooth, a great arithmetician, One Michael Cassio, a Florentine, A fellow almost dammed in a attractive wife, That never set a squadron in the field Nor the division of a battle knows More than a spinster--unless the bookish theoric, Wherein the togae d consuls can propose As skilled as he. Mere prattle without practice Is all his soldiership. But he, sir, had th election And I, of whom his eyes had seen the proof At Rhodes, at Cyprus, and on other grounds Christianed and heathen, essential be beleed and calmed By debitor and creditor. This countercaster, He, in good time, must his lieutenant be, And I--God bless the mark--his Moorships ancient.   This position is one Iago expected, not only because of his seniority in battle, notwithstanding also because of his seniority with Othello himself.   Iago clearly shows his vengefulness when he tells Roderigo Call up her father.Rouse him, make after him, poison his delight...&n... ...bolical plan. He has traded wife for wife as Othello has smo in that locationd, albeit regretfully, Desdemona. When detect by Emilia, Othello confesses, saying it was Iago that persuaded him to murder her. Emilia tells Othello too late of the lies told by her husband and she dies at the hands of Iago for her confession. Iagos lies have come to a crescendo and Othello realizes he has been deceived. Othello then commits suicide and we find, in this case, in order for love to conquer all, evil must triumph. As is the case oftentimes in real life, there is no happy ending.   Iago is, for the literary world, evil incarnate. He lies and deceives with half-truths, to achieve his revenge, causing distrust and ultimately murder and suicide. This makes Iago one of the most evil, but most memorable characters, if not in all of literature, at least in all of Shakespeare.

Essay --

INCREASED FLEXIBILITYAccording to Forbes (2013) home-based work accounts for savings of more than $10,000 per employee per year...With the introduction of new technology (ICT), Tescos smear provide can now work from home, and communicate using laptops, tablets and smartphones. This is a benefit for Tesco because they will save money on reducing the number of office facilities - slight office ara is needed as people argon working from home. In addition, another benefit is that the homeworkers and people who are working in the office can use the same software to carry out their tasks, and save them on the Cloud storage. This reduces the need for buying expensive hard drives and memory sticks.Also, negotiable working practices (homeworking) can increase employees motivation because they feel valued. Therefore, the work will be of higher quality (more professional) and higher quantity (more tasks completed). Improved discourse and communication cost reductionICT allowed Tesco to use e-mails and video-conferencing to improve the communication systems.E-mail is a very good way of communicating (especially when people are working from home), and it enables Tesco staff toexperience fast and instant communication with other Tesco staff in the world, save money on sending mails (paper, envelopes and stamps are not needed),sent e-mails to galore(postnominal) people at one time, andsend documents as attachments (meeting documents, decisions, budgets).Video-conferencing is providing Tesco with the opportunity to hold international meetings without the need to travel (less working time is lost, and money is saved on transport and accommodation).Access to the vast amount of dataBy using ICT, Tesco can access the internet to find ... ...ted because the cheap products (Tesco own brand products) are not on sale. Therefore, some profits will be lost as less products are sold and brand image will be damaged as the customers are dissatisfied.ConclusionAs the presentatio n outlined, there are 5 significant advantages and 5 significant disadvantages for Tesco of using ICT. All of them are very important for Tesco to consider, because they can make the difference in terms of efficiency, flexibility, profitability and productivity. The advantages of ICT can be described as great sources of success, whereas the disadvantages can be explained as the factors that stops and slows Tesco from achieving the success. Therefore, it is very important for Tesco to monitor the progress met towards finding the best way of overcoming the disadvantages, and become more competitive and more successful in the market.

Look at the significance of chapter five to the novel as a whole. Essay

Look at the significance of chapter five to the wise as a whole.Focus on the relevance and effect of writers use of language to nominate setting and character and what it shows approximately social and historical influences.Frankenstein by Mary Shelley is a complex horror novel that waswritten during the age of Romanticism. It contains many themes commonto a Romantic novel such as death, tragedy, and loneliness. Thesethemes have all arrived through Mary Shelleys background as theevents in this novel have been influenced greatly by her life. We cansee that this novel has been written as a warning to tell the readerwhat the consequences are of playing with nature. This is highlyrelevant to today as even now scientists finger they can experiment withnature, for example, cloning. A highly crucial part of this novel isChapter five. It is where the story really begins as now Frankensteinhas reached his goal and realizes the horror of what he has done. This establish will be discussing h ow chapter five is made so significant tothe novel and will look at why certain language is used to describesetting and character and to see what this shows us about social andhistorical influences.From a very young age, Victor Frankenstein shows a clear interest inscience and in Chapter ii of the novel Shelley focuses on Victorsdesire to be a discoverer, when he declares, It was the search ofheaven and earth that I desired to learn. In this chapter it is clearthat Victors ambitions are entirely noble as all he wants is to helpmankind, which is also what Robert Walton wanted when discoveringunknown lands.When we see two men like this who are clearly obsessed with discoveryit shows us how important the pu... ...ueltreatment of the tool stands in stark contrast to both hisparents cultism and Clervals care for him.If we conclude to look at Chapter five compared to the rest of thenovel we can see it is a central part to the story as it is where thehorror really begins. The later cha pters in the novel all show thedisastrous consequences of Frankensteins actions. The purpose of thisnovel is to teach all a lesson as it shows us what might happen if wecontinue to play with nature and play God. It also tells us theimportance of not judging on appearance, as the creature although kindand benevolent was punished because of the way it looked. It isthrough the language that we are able to understand the significanceof Chapter five as it tells us more about life in the 19th Century,more about the life of Mary Shelley and the way the novel came about.

Copyright From a Computer Perspective :: Copyright Art Protection Papers

Copyright From a Computer Perspective Copyright, is one of nine Muses that inspires causes in modern society during the creative butt on. Copyright is a category of quick-witted property, and the main idea behind intellectual property is to encourage creation, by ensuring authors with recognition of original works as their own. Copyright protects original works of paper fixed in any tangible medium of expression by giving authors exclusive right to copy, distribute, and to create derivative works. Copyright and art commonly go hand to hand, almost anything that we can be copyrighted can be fit into an art category. For example, songs and novel figure into the art of writing, dances can be classified under performing arts, and paintings and sculptures are art works. So, how does software system fit into copyright? Or does it fit at all? Software are ready reckoner programs, and society does not think of computer programs as art, or creative. So what does the law say close to copyright and software? In addition to copyright rights specified, by statutes and constitution, common-law is also a source of copyright protection. Common-law is the body of law derived from judicial conclusivenesss and opinions1. So what does common-law copyright say about software? In order to answer these questions we are going to divide software into smaller elements and discuss how each of them is protected by copyright. For the purpose of this analysis, software will be divided into software, code and algorithms. Software refers to the product itself, code refers to the computer instructions, or program the software was created from, and algorithms refer to the algorithms used in the program. The process will address issues such as where copyright comes from, what the law is, some of the most important cases dealing with these laws, as well as the issues surrounding them and the courts decisions. last from this analysis, we will be able to derive to what extent d oes copyright actually protects software. The states where the first to provide copyright laws, until in 1790 the first Copyright Act became law. An author may gain sole right and liberty of printing, reprinting, publishing and vending a map, chart, book, or books for fourteen years, ... Wheaton V. Peters, involving two reporters of the Supreme Court, was the first landmark decision in 18342.

African American Culture Essay

African the Statesn culture in the United States embarrasss the various ethnical customs of African ethnic groups. It is both demote of and distinct from American culture. The U. S. Census Bureau defines African Americans as people having origins in any of the foul race groups of Africa. 1 African American culture is earthy to the descendants in the U. S. of survivors of the Middle Passage. It is rooted in Africa and is an amalgam of chiefly sub-Saharan African and Sahelean cultures.Although slavery greatly restricted the ability of Africans in America to practice their cultural usances, galore(postnominal) practices, values and beliefs survived and over time have incorporated elements of European American culture. There ar even accepted facets of African American culture that were brought into being or make more prominent as a result of slavery an example of this is how drumming became use as a means of communication and establishing a community identity during that time. T he result is a dynamic, creative culture that has had and continues to have a profound impact on mainstream American culture and on world culture as well.After Emancipation, these uniquely African American traditions continued to grow. They developed into characteristic traditions in music, art, literature, religion, food, holi geezerhood, amongst some early(a)s. temporary hookup for close to time sociologists, much(prenominal) as Gunnar Myrdal and Patrick Moynihan, believed that African Americans had lost near cultural ties with Africa, anthropological field research by Melville Hersovits and others demonstrated that in that location is a continuum of African traditions among Africans in the New World from the wolfram Indies to the United States.The greatest influence of African cultural practices on European cultures is found below the Mason-Dixon in the southeastern United States, especially in the Carolinas among the Gullah people and in Louisiana. African American cul ture often developed separately from mainstream American culture because of African Americans desire to practice their own traditions, as well as the persistence of racial requisition in America. Consequently African American culture has get going a significant part of American culture and yet, at the same time, remains a distinct culture apart from it.History From the earliest days of slavery, slave owners sought to exercise control over their slaves by attempting to strip them of their African culture. The physical isolation and societal marginalization of African slaves and, later, of their free progeny, however, truly facilitated the retention of significant elements of traditional culture among Africans in the New World generally, and in the U. S. in particular. Slave owners deliberately tried to repress policy-making scheme in order to deal with the many slave rebellions that took place in the southern United States, Brazil, Haiti, and the Dutch Guyanas.African cultures,s lavery,slave rebellions,and the civil rights movements(circa 1800s-160s)have molded African American religious, familial, semipolitical and economic behaviors. The imprint of Africa is evident in myriad ways, in politics, economics, language, music, hairclothstyles, fashion, bounce, religion and worldview, and food preparation methods. In the United States, the very legislation that was intentional to strip slaves of culture and deny them education served in many ways to strengthen it.In turn, African American culture has had a pervasive, transformative impact on myriad elements of mainstream American culture, among them language, music, dance, religion, cuisine, and agriculture. This parade of mutual creative exchange is called creolization. Over time, the culture of African slaves and their descendants has been ubiquitous in its impact on non only the dominant American culture, but on world culture as well. Oral tradition Slaveholders limited or prohibited education of ensla ved African Americans because they believed it might lead to revolts or escape plans.Hence, African-based viva voce traditions became the primary means of preserving history, morals, and other cultural information among the people. This was consistent with the griot practices of oral history in many African and other cultures that did not rely on the written discussion. Many of these cultural elements have been passed from generation to generation through storytelling. The folktales submitd African Americans the opportunity to revivify and educate one another. Examples of African American folktales include trickster tales of Brer Rabbit and heroic tales such as that of bum Henry.The Uncle Remus stories by Joel Chandler Harris helped to commence African American folk tales into mainstream adoption. Harris did not appreciate the complexity of the stories nor their potential for a lasting impact on society. Characteristics of the African American oral tradition manifest themselve s in a number of forms. African American preachers tend to perform alternatively than simply speak. The emotion of the subject is carried through the speakers tone, volume, and movement, which tend to mirror the ri render action, climax, and descending action of the sermon.Often telephone call, dance, verse and structured pauses are placed throughout the sermon. Techniques such as call-and-response are used to bring the audience into the presentation. In direct contrast to new-made tradition in other American and Western cultures, it is an acceptable and third estate audience answer to interrupt and affirm the speaker. Spoken word is another example of how the African American oral tradition influences modern American fashionable culture. Spoken word artists employ the same techniques as African American preachers including movement, rhythm, and audience participation.Rap music from the 1980s and beyond has been seen as an extension of oral culture. Harlem Renaissance pic Zora Neale Hurston was a prominent literary figure during the Harlem Renaissance. Main article Harlem Renaissance The first major public recognition of African American culture occurred during the Harlem Renaissance. In the twenties and 1930s, African American music, literature, and art clear uped wide notice. Authors such as Zora Neale Hurston and Nella Larsen and poets such as Langston Hughes, Claude McKay, and Countee Cullen wrote take a leaks describing the African American experience.Jazz, swing, blues and other musical forms entered American popular music. African American artists such as William H. Johnson and Palmer Hayden created unique works of art featuring African Americans. The Harlem Renaissance was also a time of increased political involvement for African Americans. Among the notable African American political movements founded in the early 20th century are the United Negro Improvement tie beam and the National Association for the Advancement of Colored People.The Nat ion of Islam, a notable Islamic religious movement, also began in the early 1930s. African American cultural movement The Black Power movement of the 1960s and 1970s copyed in the wake of the non-violent American Civil Rights Movement. The movement promoted racial pride and ethnic viscidity in contrast to the focus on integration of the Civil Rights Movement, and adopted a more militant posture in the face of racism. It also invigorate a new renaissance in African American literary and fastidious expression generally referred to as the African American or Black Arts Movement. The works of popular recording artists such as Nina Simone (Young, Gifted and Black) and The Impressions (Keep On Pushin), as well as the poetry, fine arts and literature of the time, shaped and reflected the growing racial and political consciousness. Among the close prominent writers of the African American Arts Movement were poet Nikki Giovanni poet and publisher Don L. Lee, who later became know as Hak i Madhubuti poet and playwright Leroi Jones, later known as Amiri Baraka and Sonia Sanchez. Other influential writers were Ed Bullins, Dudley Randall, Mari Evans, June Jordan, Larry Neal and Ahmos Zu-Bolton.Another major tone of the African American Arts Movement was the infusion of the African aesthetic, a return to a collective cultural sensibility and ethnic pride that was much in evidence during the Harlem Renaissance and in the celebration of Negritude among the tasty and literary circles in the U. S. , Caribbean and the African continent nearly four decades earlier the idea that black is beautiful. During this time, there was a resurgence of interest in, and an embrace of, elements of African culture within African American culture that had been suppressed or devalued to conform to Eurocentric America.Natural hairstyles, such as the afro, and African textileing, such as the dashiki, gained popularity. More importantly, the African American aesthetic boost personal pride and political awareness among African Americans. Music pic Men playing the djembe, a traditional West African drum adopted into African American and American culture. The bags and the clothing of the man on the right are printed with traditional kente cloth patterns. African American music is rooted in the typically polyrhythmic music of the ethnic groups of Africa, specifically those in the Western, Sahelean, and Sub-Saharan regions.African oral traditions, nurtured in slavery, encouraged the use of music to pass on history, memorize lessons, ease suffering, and relay messages. The African pedigree of African American music is evident in some common elements call and response, syncopation, percussion, improvisation, swung notes, blue notes, the use of falsetto, melisma, and complex multi-part harmony. During slavery, Africans in America blended traditional European hymns with African elements to create spirituals. Many African Americans sing Lift Evry Voice and Sing in addition to the American national anthem, The Star-Spangled Banner, or in lieu of it.Written by James Weldon Johnson and John Rosamond Johnson in 1900 to be performed for the birthday of Abraham Lincoln, the song was, and continues to be, a popular way for African Americans to recall past struggles and express ethnic solidarity, faith and hope for the future. The song was adopted as the Negro National Anthem by the NAACP in 1919. African American children are taught the song at school, church or by their families. Lift Evry Voice and Sing traditionally is sung immediately following, or instead of, The Star-Spangled Banner at events hosted by African American churches, schools, and other organizations.In the 1800s, as the result of the blackface minstrel show, African American music entered mainstream American society. By the early twentieth century, several musical forms with origins in the African American community had transformed American popular music.Aided by the technological innovations of radio and phonograph records, ragtime, jazz, blues, and swing also became popular overseas, and the 1920s became known as the Jazz Age. The early 20th century also proverb the creation of the first African American Broadway shows, films such as King Vidors Hallelujah, and operas such as George Gershwins Porgy and Bess. Rock and roll, doo wop, mind, and R&B developed in the mid 20th century.These genres became very popular in snowy audiences and were influences for other genres such as surf. The dozens, an urban African American tradition of using rhyming apply to put down your enemies (or friends) developed through the smart-ass passageway jive of the early Seventies into a new form of music. In the South Bronx, the half harangue, half singing rhythmic street talk of rapping grew into the enormously successful cultural force known as Hip Hop.Hip Hop would become a multicultural movement. However, it is still important to many African Americans. The African American Cultur al Movement of the 1960s and 1970s also fueled the growth of funk and later pelvis-hop forms such as rap, rose hip house, new jack swing and go go. African American music has experienced far more widespread acceptance in American popular music in the 21st century than ever before. In addition to continuing to develop newer musical forms, modern artists have also started a spiritual rebirth of older genres in the form of genres such as neo soul and modern funk-inspired groups. Dance picThe Cakewalk was the first African American dance to gain widespread popularity in the United States. pic African American dance, corresponding other aspects of African American culture, finds its earliest roots in the dances of the hundreds of African ethnic groups that made up African slaves in the Americas as well as influences from European sources in the United States. Dance in the African tradition, and thence in the tradition of slaves, was a part of both every day life and special occasion s. Many of these traditions such as get down, ring shouts, and other elements of African consistence language survive as elements of modern dance.In the 1800s, African American dance began to appear in minstrel shows. These shows often presented African Americans as caricatures for raillery to large audiences. The first African American dance to become popular with face cloth dancers was the cakewalk in 1891. posterior dances to follow in this tradition include the Charleston, the Lindy Hop, and the Jitterbug. During the Harlem Renaissance, all African American Broadway shows such as Shuffle Along helped to establish and legitimize African American dancers.African American dance forms such as tap, a combination of African and European influences, gained widespread popularity thanks to dancers such as Bill Robinson and were used by leading White choreographers who often hired African American dancers. Contemporary African American dance is descended from these earlier forms and a lso draws influence from African and Caribbean dance forms. Groups such as the Alvin Ailey American Dance Theater have continued to contribute to the growth of this form. Modern popular dance in America is also greatly influenced by African American dance.American popular dance has also drawn many influences from African American dance most notably in the hip hop genre. Art pic Sand Dunes at Sunset, Atlantic City by Henry Ossawa Tanner 1859-1937 From its early origins in slave communities, through the end of the twentieth century, African-American art has made a vital contribution to the art of the United States. During the period between the 1600s and the early 1800s, art took the form of small drums, quilts, wrought-iron figures and ceramic vessels in the southern United States. These artifacts have similarities with comparable crafts in West and Central Africa.In contrast, African American artisans like the New Englandbased engraver Scipio Moorhead and the Baltimore enactment pa inter Joshua Johnson created art that was conceived in a thoroughly western European fashion. During the 1800s, Harriet Powers made quilts in rural Georgia, United States that are now considered among the finest examples of nineteenth-century Southern quilting. Later in the 20th century, the women of Gees Bend developed a distinctive, bold, and sophisticated quilting style based on traditional African American quilts with a geometric simplicity that developed separately but was like that of Amish quilts and modern art.After the American Civil War, museums and galleries began more frequently to display the work of African American artists. Cultural expression in mainstream venues was still limited by the dominant European aesthetic and by racial prejudice. To increase the visibleness of their work, many African American artists traveled to Europe where they had greater freedom. It was not until the Harlem Renaissance that more lights began to pay attention to African American art i n America. pic Kara Walker, Cut, Cut paper and adhesive on wall, Brent Sikkema NYC.During the 1920s, artists such as Raymond Barthe, Aaron Douglas, Augusta Savage, and photographer James Van Der Zee became well known for their work. During the with child(p) Depression, new opportunities arose for these and other African American artists under the WPA. In later years, other programs and institutions, such as the New York City-based Harmon Foundation, helped to foster African American artistic talent. Augusta Savage, Elizabeth Catlett, Lois Mailou Jones, Romare Bearden, Jacob Lawrence and others exhibited in museums and juried art shows, and built reputations and followings for themselves.In the 1950s and 1960s, there were very few wide judge African American artists. Despite this, The Highwaymen, a loose association of 27 African American artists from Ft. Pierce, Florida, created idyllic, quickly realized images of the Florida landscape and peddled some 50,000 of them from the trun ks of their cars. They sold their art directly to the public rather than through galleries and art agents, thus receiving the name The Highwaymen. Rediscovered in the mid-1990s, today they are recognized as an important part of American folk history.Their artwork is widely collected by enthusiasts and original pieces can easily fetch thousands of dollars in auctions and sales. The Black Arts Movement of the 1960s and 1970s was another period of resurgent interest in African American art. During this period, several African-American artists gained national prominence, among them Lou Stovall, Ed Love, Charles White, and Jeff Donaldson. Donaldson and a group of African-American artists formed the Afrocentric collective AFRICOBRA, which remains in existence today.The sculptor Martin Puryear, whose work has been acclaimed for years, is being honored with a 30-year retrospective of his work at the Museum of Modern Art in New York starting November 2007. famous contemporary African Americ an artists include David Hammons, Eugene J. Martin, Charles Tolliver, and Kara Walker. Literature pic Langston Hughes, a notable African American poet of the Harlem Renaissance. African American literature has its roots in the oral traditions of African slaves in America. The slaves used stories and fables in much the same way as they used music.These stories influenced the earliest African American writers and poets in the 18thcentury such as Phillis Wheatley and Olaudah Equiano. These authors reached early high points by telling slave narratives. During the early 20th century Harlem Renaissance, numerous authors and poets, such as Langston Hughes, W. E. B. Dubois, and Booker T. Washington, grappled with how to respond to discrimination in America. Authors during the Civil Rights era, such as Richard Wright, James Baldwin and Gwendolyn Brooks wrote about issues of racial segregation, oppression and other aspects of African American life.This tradition continues today with authors w ho have been accepted as an integral part of American literature, with works such as Roots The Saga of an American Family by Alex Haley, The Color Purple by Alice Walker, and Beloved by Nobel Prize-winning Toni Morrison, and series by Octavia Butler and Walter Mosley that have achieved both best-selling and/or award-winning status. Museums The African American Museum Movement emerged during the 1950s and 1960s to preserve the hereditary pattern of the African American experience and to ensure its proper interpretation in American history.Museums devoted to African American history are found in many African American neighborhoods. Institutions such as the African American Museum and Library at Oakland and The African American Museum in Cleveland were created by African Americans to teach and investigate cultural history that, until recent decades was primarily preserved trough oral traditions. Language Generations of hardships imposed on the African American community created distin ctive language patterns. Slave owners often intentionally mixed people who spoke different African languages to discourage communication in any language other than English.This, combined with prohibitions against education, led to the development of pidgins, simplified mixtures of two or more languages that speakers of different languages could use to communicate. Examples of pidgins that became fully developed languages include Creole, common to Haiti,and Gullah, common to the ocean Islands off the coast of South Carolina and Georgia. African American Vernacular English is a type variety (dialect, ethnolect and sociolect) of the American English language closely associated with the reference of but not exclusive to African Americans.While AAVE is academically considered a legitimate dialect because of its logical structure, some of both Caucasians and African Americans consider it slang or the result of a poor command of prototype American English. Inner city African American chi ldren who are isolated by speaking only AAVE have more difficulty with standardized testing and, after school, moving to the mainstream world for work. It is common for many speakers of AAVE to code switch between AAVE and Standard American English depending on the setting. Fashion and aesthetics pic.A man weaving kente cloth in Ghana. Attire The cultural explosion of the 1960s saw the incorporation of surviving cultural dress with elements from modern fashion and West African traditional clothing to create a uniquely African American traditional style. Kente cloth is the best known African textile. These festive woven patterns, which exist in numerous varieties, were originally made by the Ashanti and Ewe peoples of Ghana and Togo. Kente framework also appears in a number of Western style fashions ranging from casual t-shirts to formal bow ties and cummerbunds.Kente strips are often sewn into liturgical and academic robes or worn as stoles. Since the Black Arts Movement, traditiona l African clothing has been popular amongst African Americans for both formal and informal occasions. Another common aspect of fashion in African American culture involves the appropriate dress for worship in the Black church. It is expected in most churches that an individual should present their best appearance for worship.African American women in particular are known for wearing vibrant dresses and suits. An interpretation of a passage from the Christian Bible, every woman who prays or prophesies with her head uncovered dishonors her head , has led to the tradition of wearing elaborate Sunday hats, sometimes known as crowns. hairsbreadth Hair styling in African American culture is greatly varied. African American hair is typically composed of tightly coiled curls. The predominant styles for women involve the straightening of the hair through the application of heat or chemical processes. These treatments form the base for the most unremarkably socially acceptable hairstyles i n the United States.Alternatively, the predominant and most socially acceptable practice for men is to leave ones hair natural. Often, as men age and begin to lose their hair, the hair is either closely cropped, or the head is shaved completely free of hair. However, since the 1960s, natural hairstyles, such as the afro, braids, and dreadlocks, have been growing in popularity. Although the association with radical political movements and their vast difference from mainstream Western hairstyles, the styles have not yet attained widespread social acceptance.Maintaining facial nerve hair is more prevalent among African American men than in other male populations in the U. S. In fact, the soul patch is so named because African American men, particularly jazz musicians, popularized the style. The preference for facial hair among African American men is due partly to personal taste, but because they are more prone than other ethnic groups to develop a condition known as pseudofolliculiti s barbae, commonly referred to as razor bumps, many prefer not to shave. Body imageThe European aesthetic and attendant mainstream concepts of knockout are often at odds with the African body form. Because of this, African American women often find themselves under pressure to conform to European standards of beauty. Still, there are individuals and groups who are working towards raising the standing of the African aesthetic among African Americans and internationally as well. This includes efforts toward promoting as models those with clearly defined African features the mainstreaming of natural hairstyles and, in women, fuller, more voluptuous body types.Religion While African Americans practice a number of religions, Protestant Christianity is by far the most popular. Additionally, 14% of Muslims in the United States and Canada are African American. Christianity pic A river baptism in New Bern, North Carolina near the turn of the 20th century. The religious institutions of Afric an American Christians commonly are referred tocollectively as the black church. During slavery, many slaves were stripped of their African belief systems and typically denied free religious practice.Slaves managed, however, to hang on to some practices by consolidation them into Christian worship in secret meetings. These practices, including dance, shouts, African rhythms, and enthusiastic singing, remain a large part of worship in the African American church. African American churches taught that all people were equal in Gods eyes and viewed the doctrine of obedience to ones master taught in white churches as hypocritical. Instead the African American church focused on the message of equality and hopes for a better future.Before and after independence, racial segregation in America prompted the development of organized African American denominations. The first of these was the AME Church founded by Richard Allen in 1787. An African American church is not needs a separate denom ination. Several predominantly African American churches exist as members of predominantly white denominations. African American churches have served to provide African American people with leadership positions and opportunities to organize that were denied in mainstream American society.Because of this, African American pastors became the bridge between the African American and European American communities and thus played a crucial role in the American Civil Rights Movement. Like many Christians, African American Christians sometimes participate in or attend a Christmas play. Black Nativity by Langston Hughes is a re-telling of the classic Nativity story with gospel music. Productions can be found a African American theaters and churches all over the country. Islam pic A member of the Nation of Islam selling merchandise on a city street corner.Despite the popular premiss that the Nation represents all or most African American Muslims, less than 2% are members. Generations before the advent of the Atlantic slave trade, Islam was a thriving religion in West Africa due to its peaceful introduction via the lucrative trans-Saharan trade between prominent tribes in the southern Sahara and the Berbers to the North. In his attesting to this fact the West African scholar Cheikh Anta Diop explained The primary reason for the success of Islam in Black Africaconsequently stems from the fact that it was propagated peacefully at first by solitary Arabo-Berber travelers to certain Black kings and notables, who then spread it about them to those under their jurisdiction Many first-generation slaves were often able to retain their Muslim identity, their descendants were not. Slaves were either forcibly converted to Christianity as was the case in the Catholic lands or were besieged with gross inconviences to their religious practice such as in the case of the Protestant American mainland.In the decades after slavery and particularly during the depression era, Islam reemerg ed in the form of highly visible and sometimes controversial heterodox movements in the African American community. The first of these of note was the Moorish Science Temple of America, founded by Noble Drew Ali. Ali had a profound influence on Wallace Fard, who later founded the Black jingoistic Nation of Islam in 1930. Elijah Muhammad became head of the organization in 1934. Much like Malcolm X, who left the Nation of Islam in 1964, many African American Muslims now follow traditional Islam.A survey by the Council on American-Islamic Relations shows that 30% of Sunni Mosque attendees are African Americans. African American orthodox Muslims are often the victims of stereotypes, most notably the assumption that an African American Muslim is a member of the Nation of Islam. They are often viewed by the uneducated African-American community in general as less authentic than Muslims from the Middle East or South Asia while credibility is less of an issue with immigrant Muslims and Mus lim world in general. Other religions.Aside from Christianity and Islam, there are also African Americans who follow Judaism, Buddhism, and a number of other religions. The Black Hebrew Israelites are a assembly of African American Jewish religious organizations. Among their varied teachings, they often include that African Americans are descended from the Biblical Hebrews (sometimes with the paradoxical claim that the Jewish people are not). There is a small but growing number of African Americans who participate in African traditional religions, such as Vodou and Santeria or Ifa and diasporic traditions like Rastafarianism.Many of them are immigrants or descendants of immigrants from the Caribbean and South America, where these are practiced. Because of religious practices, such as animal sacrifice, which are no longer common among American religions and are often legally prohibited, these groups may be viewed negatively and are sometimes the victims of harassment. Life events Fo r most African Americans, the observance of life events follows the pattern of mainstream American culture. There are some traditions which are unique to African Americans.Some African Americans have created new rites of passage that are linked to African traditions. Pre-teen and young boys and girls take classes to prepare them for adulthood. They are typically taught spirituality, responsibility, and leadership. Most of these programs are modeled after traditional African ceremonies, with the focus largely on embracing African ideologies rather than specific rituals. To this day, some African American couples choose to jump the broom as a part of their wedding ceremony.Although the practice, which can be traced stand to Ghana, fell out of favor in the African American community after the end of slavery, it has experienced a slight resurgence in recent years as some couples seek to reaffirm their African heritage. Funeral traditions tend to vary based on a number of factors, incl uding religion and location, but there are a number of commonalities. Probably the most important part of death and dying in the African American culture is the gathering of family and friends. any in the last days before death or shortly after death, typically any friends and family members that can be reached are notified. This gathering helps to provide spiritual and emotional support, as well as assistance in making decisions and accomplishing everyday tasks. The spirituality of death is very important in African American culture. A member of the clergy or members of the religious community, or both, are typically present with the family through the entire process. Death is often viewed as fleeting rather than final.Many services are called homegoings, instead of funerals, based on the belief that the person is going home to the afterlife. The entire end of life process is generally treated as a celebration of life rather than a mourning of loss. This is most notably demonstrat ed in the New siege of Orleans Jazz Funeral tradition where upbeat music, dancing, and food encourage those gathered to be happy and celebrate the homegoing of a beloved friend. Cuisine pic A traditional soul food dinner consisting of fried chicken, candied yams, collard greens, cornbread, and macaroni and cheese.The cultivation and use of many agricultural products in the United States, such as yams, peanuts, rice, okra, sorghum, grits, watermelon, indigo dyes, and cotton, can be traced to African influences. African American foods reflect creative responses to racial and economic oppression and poverty. Under slavery, African Americans were not allowed to eat better cuts of meat, and after emancipation many often were too poor to afford them. Soul food, a hearty cuisine commonly associated with African Americans in the South (but also common to African Americans nationwide), makes cre.

Blended Families

Family Report Blended Families Blended families, also make don asstepfamilies, are muchfamiliarnow than ever. Statistics test that 65% of remarriages includechildren from previous relationships. When families blendto create stepfamilies, things rarely progressassmoothlyas planned. Some children might resist the many changes they start to face, while parents might become frustrated or disap takeed when their new family doesnt function the way they want to or like their previous family did.The tercet near serious things blended families wishing to doarehave fascinate discipline,overcome their difficulties,and spend quality time with each other. The most jet problem in blended families is discipline. In disciplining children, parents should remember the al-Quran passageEphesians 42 Be humble and gentle. Be patient with each other, do allowances for each others faults because of your love. New customs,personalities,and memories are all added to the new household. However, it is still important that a child is the child and an adult is still the adult.Children need a balance of love and discipline in their lives. Stepparents must give their stepchildren their much needed affection, as they would do to their own children. As you do this, the winning feelings will grow in time. It is the role of every parent (step or natural) to obey their responsibility of properly raising children and children have a responsibility to keep and listen to their parents. It would be very helpful ifthe natural parent talked to their children early on to acknowledge the control thestepparent hasand the respect that needs to be given towards the stepparent.When the children know ahead of time what is expected of them, their acceptance of the new family will be much easier. When two separate families come together, there are going to be many conflicts. Talking about them and brain the others feelings is a necessary and critical thing to do. Its very tempting for parents to stand up for their own child and point a finger at the stepchild and its equally tempting for parents to accuse their spouse of unbalanced discipline. In times like these, parents should remember theBiblepassageEphesians 429, 31-32 Dont use foul or abusive language.Let everything you say be good and helpful, so that your words will be an rise to those who hear them. Get rid of all bitterness, rage, anger, harsh words, and slander, as well as all types of malicious behavior. Instead, be kind to each other, tenderhearted, forgive virtuoso another, just as God through Christ has forgiven you. Parents must understand that theirchildren are thrown together with near strangers and suddenly feel they have to fight for their parents attention. It will take time to build a history, but someday the feelingswill grow from affection into familial love.It may take time and most likely wont be very easy, but it is well worth the effort in the end. Quality time is crucial in blended families. St epparents should remember the Bible passageIsaiah 6613 I will comfort as a child is comforted by its mother. Stepparents also need to be understanding about the fact that the children need quality time with their natural parent. This gives the children time to know they are still important and that the stepparent is not trying to come surrounded by them and their natural parent.It is also very important to go for an outing as a whole family. Parents cant forget to make time for the two of them without the kids as well. Children do not have enough maturity to understand the dynamics of a new family and how loving it could be but adults should. Much like when couples adopt a child, they chose to marry into a family with children. Pray a lot for them and with them, nurture them, carefor them, and accept them even when they seem to push away. Blended families are becoming more and more important in our society.Its very crucial for adults today to understand what the most important thin gs are in creating a blended family. Having appropriate discipline will help the children grow up to be polite, civil, and courteous. Overcoming difficulties and spending quality time with your new family will help you all become close set(predicate) and have a healthy relationship. Therefore, its clear that having appropriate discipline, overcoming difficulties, and spending quality time with each other are the three most important things for a blended family to do.

Himalaya Summary

HIMALAYA Introduction Himalaya Herbal is originated from India and has been around since 1930. Himalaya clams that it is the only manufacturer of consumer goods that provide a all-embracing range of solution based on herbal ingredients. It has its presence in Malaysia since 2004. Ms Sue Ong a Malaysian with 22 eld of experience in beauty and cosmetic industry was instrumental in bringing in Himalaya. The entry and the progress of the brand was quite visible as the brand was already seen in the leading pharmacy market nationwide.Himalaya offered a quite range of around 200 products under three main categories 1) pharmaceutical 2) personal kick 3) animal care and all of these products were based on the ancient Himalayan practice of Ayurveda that were well known worldwide. Herbs include crude plant materials such as leaves, flowers, fruits, seeds, stems and woods etc. It was estimated that one third of Americas use herbal products with herbal medicine. The Himalaya Drug Company has t aken back off from the Ayurveda expertise with modern medical look methodology.Malaysia had over 2000 plant species that possessed medical value. Out of 20000 herbal plants in Malaysia, 2000 has been identified to be beneficent for better health care. The advantages of the herbal products are organism highlighted over time by Government as well as private parties. According to Safeena The COO and founder of Herbal Asia the industry will supplement on Government initiatives like a National Biodiversity Policy to create a brand which will be recognized internationally. We want to educate raft about the herbal superiority and quality.Market & sales in Malaysia Marcel Gan the young and energetic COO talked about his dream of Himalaya I want at least one product of Himalaya product in every household. As per Shahida Musa, The Deputy Director, operations of the federal agricultural marketing (FAMA), the local herbal industry enter sales around RM10 billion in 2008 and was likely to grow by 8 to 15 percent annually based on the increasing word meaning of natural medicine. About 17. 1 % of Malaysian used herbals to treat their health problems while 29. % of them consumed herbal for their health maintenance. Ravi Prasad, President and COO of the Himalaya Drug Company, commented This is a remarkable achievement for Himalaya as it provides us a platform to reach out to our customers and communicate with them the scientifically backed herbal formulations. Over the last 5 years annual remove was recorded at RM4. 5 billion with a growth of 8% annually. For further promotion of the herbal products the Government has provided number of support programs for herbal entrepreneurs.Hundreds of the players have entered the herbal business after good support from the Government. As the herbal products are known as without side effects the demand for herbal products has shown a considerable growth over the conventional drugs. One of the established local successful herbs en trepreneurs was Perusahaan Orang Kampong Sdn. Bhd. The business was established in 1975 and was operated as a small business. Key issues * The main issue involved by building the brand image of the Himalaya for the Ayurveda product concepts. Initially the product benefits were non supported by scientific proofs and evidences as most of the production was going on previous results of the herbs. Due to the lack of scientific data the customer was not fully satisfied. * Locally made herbal products seriously lacked in advertising and promotion. * Most of the herbs entrepreneurs were small traders operating with limited resources, thus experiencing low productivity and skill in their daily activities. * Lack of capital and skilled human resources were common disadvantages faced by small traders. The volume of production was at times as low as it couldnt meet the demand. For the purpose of expanding market, it went to the reliable value chain through the new technology. Key Strengths * Research and Development Himalayas used scientific research in natural herbal remedies to provide scientifically proved products. In March 2001, they were awarded with Good manufacturing practice certified by the Licensing Authority of the Indian System of Medicine and in January 2004, they were awarded certification from Quality Management Systems certified by NQA. Effectiveness Himalayas product goes under a period of 7 to 10 years of primary research and clinical trials before it went to market. * Natural and Safe Himalaya provides mostly all the body and health products that promised goodness of natural ingredients with no side effects. * Wide range of products Himalaya provides a wide range of products which consists of healthcare, body care, oral care, hair care and skin care.

Directed Writing: Report on Water Pollution Essay

Water is one of human beings most important basic needs. Human can survive without food for couples of days however in some manner going without piddle, human bequeath not survive. Using safe, leach, wet is a basic human right. Mother Nature gifts us free wet system but selfish human beings keeps polluting the water with actions such as chemical leaks, littering into water, disposing industrial waste and also ship waste into the water. Water taint may affects a lots of things in our daily life. Here in this little crossroads outside the town is one of the victim that suffered a lots of water pollutions.Recently, we received a complaint letter from the colonyrs that claimed that their daily life is difficult to go on with heavily polluted water supply. We checked out at the village water supply locations and found some shocking discoveries. The rivers are heavily polluted with litters such as plastic bags, bottles, paper cups, straws, unused furniture, and many to a greater extent rubbishes. The river water is so heavily polluted that the water had turn into brown and discolored. The rubbish that was threw into the river became the major factor that pollute the water. The water supply in the village is not suitable to use, neither drink nor carry out daily tasks. The villagers doesnt have enough supply of clean water after development the clean water to cook and drink, they needed clean water to carry out daily tasks such as bath, clothes washing, and housework.The dirty water in the village might be the major causes of illness such as diarrhea. The water is not clean and safe enough to drink that maybe the water still carries bacteria or even viruses. Other than that, the clogged drains and water stagnant in the village allow provide mosquitoes a perfect environs for its breeding. Some dangerous mosquito species may carry virus that capability to kill a person by just a sting. Mosquitoes such as genus Aedes carries Dengue virus that maybe causes D engue Fever. People that have a strong and healthy body maybe survive the sting but those multitude with weak immunity system may die under the Dengue Fever. Dengue Fever kills at least 20 villagers last year.The selfishness and laziness of the villagers shows their irresponsibility attitude to the village. The villagers will throw the rubbish everywhere especially crap area that closes with water supply. This causes a lots of bacteria breed from the rubbish dump site that formed an unhealthy living environment. These pollutions will also endanger the aquatic living things that live under the water. If these living things were being sold in the market or ate into human body, what harm or diseases will bring to these innocent victims?As a first step to solve the water pollution, the most important thing is the local authorities must take action. The authorities such as political sympathies may consider to enforcing laws on water pollution. Local authorities of the village should f orm a team or committee that control and supervise the water pollution, they can caught and send those who polluter the water to police officers or higher authorities. Once they form a committee, the villagers will not to litter into the river. Whoever litters into the river should be punish heavily either by prisoning, whipping, or fine. After these actions of authorities taken, they people will be aware, not to do it again. Other than that, the government should educate the villagers on the importance of water and ways to jactitate unused rubbish or chemical waste correctly. The committee that responsible to the village cleanliness should also provide more rubbish bins and also recycle stations. The government can also launch camp or seminar that related to the important of water and ways to prevent water pollution. Local authorities can resolve to improve the water supply by launching clean-up activities.The villagers must be responsible to their own village. Hence, the committ ee should require the villagers to get involve to the clean-up activities for compulsory. Action will be taken to the family that doesnt involve in the activities. To clean up a heavily polluted river need a long time and a couple lots of procedure for example picking up the floating rubbish, cleaning up the rubbish that sink into the river bed. All this procedure needs really long time to purified a polluted river. Teamwork divides the tasks and multiple the success. If the villagers of the village could becooperative and do their job together, it will really speed up the recovery of the river.Besides than the government, the villagers also should give fully co-operations that needed by the village. Every individuals also responsible to their village. Do not throw litter or calumnious substances into the river or lakes. Do your part by picking up the litters and throw them in to the rubbish bin. Villagers also should promote the ways to prevent water pollution to relatives and fr iends so that they can also advocate this concept. In addition, if you saw any villager that litter or polluting the river, should report or contact the appropriate authorities so that they can take actions. Villagers also should avoid of water wastage. Ensure that there are no drips or leakages in the house plumbing. Saving water will ultimately lead to the reduction of water that flows into the sewage treatment. As for daily tasks, use laundry detergents that have low levels of inorganic phosphate only as phosphate is a major water pollutant that will heavily affect the water supply when the used water flowed back to the river.As a conclusion, water is internal for us. Thus, we must appreciate it because Mother Nature gifted us with water for free. We show our thankful to Mother Nature by not polluting it and keep it clean at all time. These water will be used by our bordering generations in near future. Hence, for their health, we should start to maintain these good habits and passing this habits to our next generation.

Man’s Inhumanity to Man Essay

Through the sands of timethe written word has changed the sort of history, inspired many to fight for their beliefs and most importantlyelevated mankind to a higher understanding of mans inhumanity to mankind.David Lawrence DeweyInhumanity, it is a single word, known end-to-end history that has caused much destruction & trauma. The tearing apart of families, the ruins of cultures, races and countries. Some people have a vaulting ambition for power, but they misuse that authority. Mans inhumanity to man doesnt just happen, there are reasons, set apart from differences in appearance, culture, or even where they originate from.In World contend 2, Hitler has invaded Poland and anyone who did not fit the criteria of a perfect arian race, specifically in Schindlers Ark, the Jews in this case are set apart from the rest of humanity. The bearing that they are treated is improper. Why treat people in that brutal way. They are still human. The vicious behaviour that the Germans show toward s the Jews is inhuman, even to the point of each murdering them. They were completely stripped of everything, They were treated as scum, the dirt beneath their feet. Completely different to them as if they were from another world.The Jews didnt have any threat to anyone. They were easy people living among society just like everyone else. Maybe they looked slightly different, or spoke a different language to the Polish people. But that doesnt mean they should be torn apart from their homes and families. Every ounce of humanity stripped, even hair in all places on them. But thats all what Hitler wanted.

Case Study on Teamwork Problem

Case Study Summary microphone Garcia and Jill Hendrickson deal been butting heads for months at work. mike is a manufacturing manager at Auto golosh Products, which is a firm in the Midwest that designs and produces automobile seat belts and infant and child safety seats. Jill is a design engineer for the same firm. Top management at their work instituted concurrent engineering, a squad-based system that integrates manufacturing and design processes. Concurrent engineering is intended to buy the farm the problems that often occur in industry when designers are unaware of the needs of manufacturing.Through concurrent engineering, management hoped to improve attention to all elements of the product life roulette wheel and manufacture a quality, low-cost product that will meet user needs. The company was also hoping to decrease the amount of time it put ons to move from initial abstract design to actual production. Both mike and Jill are on the team working on toddler virtuoso seats. This is an important product for Auto safety Products, as research has indicated that parents do not use safety seats once children reach toddler age. The reason for this is because they are difficult to use in cars and uncomfortable for the children.Thus the team at Auto Safety Products worked to make the seats easier for parents to use by making them more comfortable, more portable, and more compatible with a range of automobiles from small sports cars to sedans to minivans to SUVs. mike is 55-years-old and has worked in manufacturing for most of his life. He has spent the past 22 years working at Auto Safety Products. microphone has always felt some animosity toward the design side of the firm. He found the engineers unwilling to listen to the problems faced in manufacturing.He often complained that the design division generates send offs that run into all sorts of problems once they hit manufacturing. He make water alonged the new concurrent engineering program at his work. Jill is 25-years-old and is a mechanical engineer who has been with Auto Safety Products since her college graduation. Jill is assertive and strong-minded she believes she has to be effective in the male-dominated world of engineering. She learned about the concurrent engineering concept when she was in school and she believes it can greatly improve the effectiveness of design and manufacturing.Unfortunately, it has not worked at Auto Safety Products. The manufacturing side has not really bought into the process, and management did not take the time to bring on the team management system properly and train people to work together. Jill has a hard time with microphone Garcia, who is the lead manufacturing representative on her team. Jill and Mike had to work together frequently on a booster seat design in a variety of vans. Their inability to work together has gotten so bad that their supervisor had to set up a meeting to help them deal with the problem.Adam Shapiro is the project supervisor at Auto Safety Products. He oversaw the booster seat project team that Mike and Jill worked on. Adam knows the 2 of them have not hit it off on the concurrent engineering team and had immovable that the conflict had gotten to the point where he must step in and help them settle it. He brought them in individually and asked them about the problem and what the problem was. Jill was the firstly person Adam talked to. According to Jill the problem is that Mike would not listen to her ideas and downplays the contributions that design can make to concurrent engineering.On the other hand she sees design as the most important part of the concurrent engineering process. Jill suspects that Mike has problems with her because she is young and a woman, and this has made her push even harder for her point of view on project disagreements. After Jill discussed the problem with Adam, Mike was the next person to discuss the problem with Adam. Mike thinks the concurrent engine ering system and the booster seat team in particular is a joke. He says that the design engineers are whitewash trying to push their ideas down the manufacturings throat and hes tired of it.Also Mike would like to go back to doing things the old way. However, if he is forced to continue with the concurrent engineering system, he refuses to give in to every one of Jills ideas. Case Analysis Questions 1a. What kind of predispositions are Mike and Jill taking into this conflict government agency? Mike believes that engineers are uppity and unwilling to listen to the problems dealing with manufacturing. As a womanish engineer Jill feels as though she needs to be effective in the male-dominated world of engineering 1b.How might these predispositions influence the way the contrive the conflict and the way they approach each other? These predispositions are definitely negatively influencing the way Mike and Jill approach each other. Obviously they are passing play to automatically app roach each other negatively because of their opinions. 2a. If Mike and Jill were to get down to deal with this conflict on their own, what conflict style would you recommend? If Mike and Jill were to attempt to deal with this conflict on their own I would recommend that they use the compromising conflict style.Compromising will allow you to achieve twain of your goals, resulting in a win-win situation instead of a win-lose situation. 2b. Given what you know about Jill and Mike, do you think they would use an effective conflict resolution style? No, because when the problem first arose they had a hard time coming to a common ground resolution. I believe if it wasnt for Adam they would have never resolved the problem. 3a. If you were Adam, how would you approach this conflict? If I was Adam, I would sit them deuce down together and have them write down the benefits that each of them bring to the company. b. What strategies should you use to help Mike and Jill deal with their ongoin g problems? A strategy that I l would use is integrative bargaining. In integrative bargaining, the conflicting parties are trying to maximize gains for both parties (Miller, 2012). The bargainers discuss issues that could lead to a more creative solution to the problem at hand. Outcomes of integrative bargaining are often solution that allow both parties to benefit, and communication tends to be marked by open disclosure, careful listening and multiple communication channels.I believe this is the perfect strategy to use because with both Mike and Jill having problems with each other and the way they do things, if Adam uses this strategy I think you would solve problems for both people. 3c. Would you consider bringing in a intermediary to help them work through their issues? I think there should be a mediator in the meeting as well up, just in episode things would get intense and they could not come up with a fair compromise. 4a. How would a feminist approach to conflict see this situation? They would see this situation that Mike is wrong and Jill is right.They would see it this way because a feminist approach would say that men dont listen to women and they dont take them as serious as other men especially in the workforce. 4b. Is it possible to use an alternative model that would recast this situation in a more productive frame? No because I think Adam handled this situation the right way by bringing Mike and Jill in and have them discuss the problem. This way is more productive because they can express themselves without knowing what the other person said. You can cover more ground by person-to-person problem solving.Effective Student Teams A bogus Hiring and Peer Evaluation Process Student team projects provide benefits to the education process and provide experience that is precious by some employers. But team projects can be a source of conflict. Due to free-riding, scheduling problems and differing goals, there are fertile grounds for team conflict s. Therefore, there needs to be a better method of forming teams and a process to assure shared goals by team members (Lane 2011). The author Michelle Lane discussed the Faux Hiring Team Selection Process. In this process there are six steps to form and select a team.Step one is the selection of interviewers. Step two is posting interviewees applications for review by classmates and interviewers. The third step is to hold a Job Fair where a faux interview process occurs. The fourth step is the selection of personal top choices by both interviewers and interviewees. The next step is the instructor team assignment. Finally the forming and the signing of the team contract is the digest step. Results In order to evaluate the effectiveness of the faux hiring process, two classes of 40 students each were studied in the fall semester 2009.Independent T-Tests showed no statistical difference among the two classes in terms of age and GPA. In the first class the teams were assigned randoml y by the instructor and in the second class the excogitate fair approach was used. The teams were used for two projects that took place over the semester. One project involved the use of the CAPSIM simulation. The second project was a business cogitation requiring research, an interview and a class presentation of their findings. Each project was worth 20% of their course grade. (Lane 2011) The effectiveness of the faux hiring team assignment was assessed in two ways.The first way was the total team points earned from the simulation and the business projects were compared using a t-test of mean group differences. The results were significant with the faux hiring teams scoring high than the randomly assigned teams. The second assessment was at the end of the semester, students were asked to fill out an anonymous online survey about their team experience. There were 43 respondents to this survey. 19 were from the instructor assigned teams and the remaining 24 were from the faux hiri ng teams. The results show that the faux hiring teams had stronger scores on shared goals, and had fewer conflicts.This article relates to our case study because it is an exemplar of a way to prevent teamwork problems. This article basically says to go through an interview process to find a good team that has common goals and would get along to avoid conflicts. Whereas the case study does not use a process like this and Mike and Jill have a problem and are unable to resolve it. What is Expected from Supervisors This article was about how the past 10 years that team members enter the workforce as well as management or leadership emphasis influences different images of supervisors.There were certain features of management discussion during the past decades that are used as instruments in addressing the contributing research question What is still expected from management and leadership? Liisa Huusko found that team member who are not the same age have different images of supervisors . Thus they wait partially for different actions within team organization. Human Resource Management issues seem to be included in supervisors duties in every decade. For example, encouraging and career-development matters do not appear until the 1980s.Furthermore, different kinds of computer-aided control systems are not able to respond to quick changes and uncommon situations relating to everyday duties. The image of supervisors that workers take for granted must be taken into consideration during the changes and shifts between responsible actors. This article relates to our case study because it shows that age does have an effect on teamwork. Age makes a difference because the fourth-year people want to do it the way they have been used to all their life and not want to change with younger generation as well as the technology that is changing.Some older generation refuse to update their technology and it is having an effect with teamwork. Finally, this goes with the case study b ecause this article presents a male-female problem, where the male refuses to listen to the females idea. NBA Lockout Can Both Sides Agree on Basketball-Related Income? I obtained this article from the Los Angeles Times Newspaper. The article was written and published on October 28, 2011. It talks about the interior(a) Basketball Association (NBA) lockout and how the players union and the owners are struggling to agree on terms for salary cap and other issues.This is an example of teamwork and the problems with teamwork. For example, the NBA deputy commissioner Adam currency and Spurs owner Peter Hold said the players union hug druged a decrease from 53% to 52. 5% but wouldnt discuss anything further if owners wouldnt offer more than 50% (Medina, 2011). With the two sides going back and forth and unable to come up with a number they could agree they have brought in a mediator to help with negotiations. But even with the mediator the two sides still have not agree on terms. Thus, the NBA season is in jeopardy. NBA Commissioner David Stern has already cancelled all games through November.

Impact of Advertising on Youth Essay

Definition younker is pick outed as a period of transition from the dependence of childhood to the independence of adulthood. Due to the expansion of global higher preparation and delayed marriage, the period of time from juvenility to adulthood has been extended longer compared to before the expansion. As aresult, the market placeers, educators and policy makers consider early days stage as a stage that is becoming to a greater extent important to them (Assaad and Roudi-Fahimi, cc7). According to United Nation (UN), they define youth as those persons between the ages of 15 and 24 age (UNESCO, 2013). Malaysia follows the United Nations definition of youth by changing the grizzly age group of youth from 18 to 40 course of studys old to the brisk age group of 18 to 25 stratums old under a new National Youth Policy (The Star Online, 2011). lay out on Malaysia Demographics Profile 2014, the number of population for age structure 15 to 24 old age old is 2, 580, 486 for male a nd 2, 511, 579 for female (Index Mundi, 2014).Consumer get behaviour or also known as consumer buyer behaviour is studied to be an inseparable part of marketing and Schiffman ( two hundred7) state that consumer buying behaviour is the behaviours that consumers display in searching for, get, utilise, evaluating, and disposing of products and services that they expect will satisfy their needs. advert is a marketers technique and a method of communication to encourage and persuade potence or current consumers. These potential drop or current consumers can be viewers, readers or listeners and they will be persuaded to continue using the marketers services or products or engender some new action after the advertisement. Sponsors commonly paid for the announce messages and it can be viewed by means of numerous traditional media and new media (Upadhyay & Joshi, 2014).Advertising Industry in MalaysiaIn Malaysia, the publicizing intentness is considered as a profitable business. Ma laysia spends about(predicate) RM2.39 billion in the first half of the year 2007 and this is a 9% increase from the same period in the year 2006 where it is RM2.2 billion. This shows there is a steady growth for this industry in Malaysia (The Report Malaysia, 2008). Furthermore, from the year 2000, there is an increase of 76% for advertising expenditure with cinema, point-of-sale and radio advertising experiencing a triple-digit growth for this same period of time (The Report Malaysia, 2008). Although this industry is lucrative for business, the content for advertisement is highly limit by the Malayan Communication & Multimedia Content Code (MCMCC, 2009). AimMalaysias total advertising expenditure rose 22% by the first half of 2008compared to the last years advertising expenditure. This accounted to the expenditure of RM2.9 billion alone for advertisement (Malaysian communications and Multimedia Commission, 2009). There is no certainty that the money spent on advertisements will give the necessary profits that these companies expected to gain. Due to the fact that the highest purchasing power belongs to the youths, the companies should target the existing youth market. In order to target this market, companies should be equipped with extensive knowledge on which aspect of advertisement that firmly crooks the youths purchasing behaviour. This enquiry aims to find the factors of advertising that influences the youths purchasing behaviour. As youth purchasing power is on the rise and the content of advertisement is highly restricted by the Malaysian Communication & Multimedia Content Code, it is imperative for the marketers and advertisers to figure what aspects of advertisement that appeals to the eyes of the youth consumers.Motivation of this StudyGlobal youth market is an impressionable and loyal market that are making decisions and gathering information on products and companies that could last a lifetime (Maddock, n.d.). The international marketers an d advertisers consider the global youth market as a noteworthy market to consider due to its size, homogeneity and its rising purchasing power. Due to the consideration that they are a solid market, these knowledgeable consumers that are in the youth market have been sniped with promotions for almost of their lives. Although there are many types of marketing weapons that can be used to influence them, advertising still remains as the main weapon due to its longer impact on viewers mind (Katke, 2007).Even though it is a known fact that youths purchasing power is on the rise compared to other range of age, there are still limited researches that have been through regarding this topic. Most researches centred on the affinity between advertising and general consumer purchasing behaviour in other countries. There are inadequate amount of research that was done concerning the relationship between advertising and youths purchasing behaviour in Malaysia. Therefore, this research is made to project what makes an advertisement desirable to the Malaysian youths and its influences on their purchasing behaviour. Problem StatementsThe world in year 2014 is situation to 1.8 billion young people from the age of 10 until 24 (UNFPA, 2014) and majority of the purchasing power belongs to them. This makes them the most persuasive in making purchasing decisions in terms of food, clothing and cars to entertainment and family vacations. They even have a say on what type of home they will live in (Jennifer Waters, 2006). This makes the youths an important target market for advertising agency and companies all around the world. The primary mission of advertisement is to reach the mean consumer and influence their consciousness attitudes and buying behaviour. As they spend a huge sum of money to maintain the consumers interest in their products, they need to understand what catches the consumers interest. Furthermore, due to the heavy regulated nature of this business, it is vita l to evaluate the factors of youths attitude towards advertising to discover what antecedents that would affect youths preferences are.Research QuestionsThe research questions are as follows1. Which aspect of advertisement influence youths in purchasing the product or service? 2. What is the relationship between advertisement and youths purchasing behaviour? 3. Why is advertising critical in ensuring the survival of the company? Research ObjectivesThe objectives of this research are to1. Identify the aspects of advertisement which influences youths in purchasing the product or service. 2. Determine the relationship between advertisement and youths purchasing behaviour. 3. Ascertain the importance of advertising in ensuring the survival of the company. Scope of this ResearchThis research centres around the impact of advertising on youths purchasing behaviour. In this research, youth is considered as anyone from age 18 to 24 years old. Furthermore, this research will be conducted at quaternion different individual(a) universities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia (HELP University, Open University and University of Kuala Lumpur) as there is a limited amount ofmoney and time to travel to anywhere else. In addition, this research only consider students from different courses one course per one private university. This research will only test whether the Independent Variables (credibility, informative, hedonic/pleasure, good for economy) influences the Dependent Variable (impact of advertising on youths purchasing behaviour).Significance of this researchAll companies in Malaysia spend a huge sum of money on marketing strategy of advertisement to introduce the product or services that they provide in market to consumers. Furthermore, with the restrictions to create creative advertisements from the Malaysian Communication & Multimedia Content Code, it made the transmission line of the advertisers harder due to restricted contents that are allowed in an advertisement. There fore, through this research, marketers and advertisers are able to identify the aspects of advertisements that youths in Malaysia prefer to have in an advertisement. This will overhaul to save a lot of the marketing worlds expenditure and time as they are able to come up with a more efficient, prosperous and popular advertisement to suit the taste of youths in Malaysia.Theoretical FrameworkThe dependent variable for this research is impact of advertising on youth purchasing behaviour. This research aims to find the factors of advertising that influences the youths purchasing behaviour. The first independent variable is credibility. According to MacKenzie and Lutz (1989), advertising credibility is consumers overall awareness towards the honesty, reliability, dependability and credibility of an advertisement. The second independent variable is informative. As recipients react very positively towards advertisements that provide information, information is treated as a very valuable incentive in the marketing world (Varshney, 2003).The third independent variable in this research is hedonic or pleasure. Abd Aziz, Mohd Yasin, and Syed A. Kadir (2008) found that advertisements can be pleasurable and entertaining in enticing and retaining direction given to customers desires and requirements. Lastly, the fourth independent variableis good for economy. Based on the research done by Bauer and Greyser (1968), over 70 percent of their research sample believed that the living standard increased due to advertising and this in plication led to good products.Underpinning TheoryThe underpinning theory that will be used as a guidance to accomplish part of this research is the hierarchy of personal effects Model by Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner. This marketing communication model that was created in the year 1961 suggests that there are sextette stages that an advertiser has to guide the consumer to go through. After these six stages, the consumer has to decide wh ether to buy or not the products or services offered. The six stages comprises of awareness, knowledge, liking, preference, conviction and the final stage, purchase (Nguyen, 2013). This research will be using the Hierarchy of Effects Model as a guide to develop the questions in the researchs questionnaire and also as a guide to analyse and understand the researchs results.Proposed Research MethodologyThe main purpose of this research is To Evaluate the Impact of Advertising on Youths Purchasing Behaviour among Malaysian youths. A survey will be conducted amongst the private university students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia and a thorough analysis of the results will be made. Sample SizeA sample of 200 questionnaires will be distributed for the purpose of study and analysis.Sampling UnitSampling unit consist of private university students in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia. Sampling TechniqueConvenience ingest technique (non-probability sampling) is going to be used for the survey. Questionnaire will be filled by the private university students. Data collection entropy will be calm through primary and secondary sources. 1. Primary data primary data are going to be collected with the assistance of structured questionnaire. 2. Secondary data Source of secondary data is going to be collected using the help of published reports, journals, and credible websites.SampleIn this research, the sample will consists of 200 students (N = 200) selected from university students from four private universities in Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia using convenient sampling technique. The sample size will be consisted of university students of age between 18 to 24 years old from four different courses.Survey InstrumentsThe main objective of this research is to analyse the impact of advertising on youths purchasing behaviour for private university students in Kuala Lumpur. The data for this research will be collected by well developed, structured five point Likert Scale questionnaires. All of the ques tionnaires are going to be distributed among the students from four different private universities of four different courses. The answers from the questionnaire will be collected in a period of two weeks and the results will be analysed and evaluated using Statistical Package for Social Science (SPSS) version 20.0 of IBM. The questionnaire is divided into two sections section I and section II.Section I contains questions about the awareness about the advertisements and section II contains questions that describes the recent purchase the private students had done with the assistance of the advertisements that they have seen and attracted to. For this research, the Likert cuticle will contain a five point scale where number 1 is for strongly agrees while number 5 if for strongly disagrees. The five point Likert scale will be defined as down the stairs to help with the analysis of the results. (Number 1)Strongly agree(Number 2) Agree(Number 3) Neutral/No opinion(Number 4) Disagree(Nu mber 5) Strongly disagreeConclusionAdvertising industry is a very lucrative industry in Malaysia as it is able to make a high profit in a short time. The same cannot be said for any company that invests a huge amount of money in to make advertisements for their products or services. Advertising is a risk that companies have totake in order to spread awareness to consumers about their new or existing products. When a particular advertisement is successful in catching the consumers attention and able to convince them to purchase the product or services, the sales for the company will increase but when it fails, the profits drops. As companies need to take much(prenominal) high risks every time they need to produce advertisements, it is important for them to know which market has the highest purchasing power and to have knowledge on how to attract these potential consumers.It is identified that youths have the highest purchasing power among all range of ages and this research aims to identify the factors of advertising that influences the youths purchasing behaviour. This researchs theoretical framework consists of four independent variables that are credibility, informative, hedonic/pleasure and good for economy and the dependent variable is impact of advertising on youths purchasing behaviour. In order to hightail it the research, Hierarchy of Effects Model by Robert J. Lavidge and Gary A. Steiner will be used as an underpinning theory. Five point Likert Scale questionnaires will be distributed and collected in two weeks to university students from four different private universities. This research will be done in hopes that companies are able to produce more stimulating and successful advertisements to youths.ReferencesAbd Aziz, N., Mohd Yasin, N., & Syed A. Kadir, B. (2008). Web advertising beliefs and attitude Internet users view. The Business Review, Cambridge, 9(2), 337-337. Advertising Development In Malaysia Catching Eyebals in Changing Media. (2009, J anuary 1). Retrieved January 27, 2015, from http//www.skmm.gov.my/skmmgovmy/files/attachments/Ad_Dev_Malaysia.pdf Assaad, R., & Roudi-Fahimi, F. (2007, April 1). Youth in the Middle eastern hemisphere and North Africa Demographic opportunity or challenge? Retrieved from http//www.prb.org/pdf07/youthinmena.pdf Bauer, R., & Greyser, S. (1968). Advertising in America The consumer view. Unpublished Graduate Dissertation, Boston, MA Harvard University. Gupta, M., Engelman, R., Levy, J., Luchsinger, G., Merrick, T., & Rosen, J. (2014, January 1). The Power of 1.8 Billion Adolescents, Youth, and the Transformation of the Future. Retrieved fromhttp//www.unfpa.org/sites/ neglectfulness/files/pub-pdf/EN-SWOP14-Report_FINAL-web.pdf Katke, K. (n.d.). The Impact of Television Advertising on Child Health & Family Spending. Retrieved from http//www.itu.int/ITUD/ict/newslog/content/binary/20-2008jpg. Lim, W. (2011, November 17). Only those aged 18 to 25 defined as youth. Retrieved from http//www.t hestar.com.my/ fiction/?file=/2011/11/17/nation/9918718&sec=nation MacKenzie, S., & Lutz, R. (1989). An empirical examination of the structural antecedents of attitude toward the ad in an advertising pretesting context. Journal of Marketing, 53, 48-65. MCMCC, The Malaysian communications and multimedia content code. (1998, January 1). Retrieved from http //www.cmcf.org.my/FILES/CONTENT_CODE_ (V6-Final).PDF. Maddock, T. (n.d.). Youth Marketing Tips for reaching the lucrative teen, tween and college markets. Retrieved January 23, 2015, from file///C/Users/user/Downloads/youth_marketing_whitepaper.pdf Malaysia Demographics Profile 2014. (2014, August 23). Retrieved from http//www.indexmundi.com/malaysia/demographics_profile.html Nguyen, H. (2013). The Hierarchy Model of Advertising Effects A Debate. International Integration, 92-96. Schiffman, L., Hansen, H., & Kanuk, L. (2007). Consumer Behaviour A European Outlook. London Pearson Education. The Report Malaysia. (2008). London, UK Oxf ord Business Group. Upadhyay, P., & Joshi, J. (2014). Impact of Advertising on Buying Behavior of Youth in Kota City with Special Reference to Branded Outfits. International Journal of Managerial Studies and Research (IJMSR), 2(2), 1-20. Varshney, U. (2003). Location management for mobile commerce applications in receiving set internet environment. ACM Transactions on Internet Technology, 3(3), 236-255. Waters, J. (2006, October 11). Young, with tons of purchasing power. Retrieved January 13, 2015, from http//www.marketwatch.com/story/young-americans-a-giant-influence-on-buying-decisions-study What do we mean by youth? (n.d.). Retrieved from http//www.unesco.org/new/en/social-and-human-sciences/themes/youth/youth-definition/

Overpopulation of the World and the Problems It Creates

Overpopulation of the World and the Problems it Creates The world is faced with growing preservation problems daily, most of which are ca spendd by an increasing population. In order to deal with the problems of everyplacepopulation, the world necessitate to address minimizing consumption, lowering waste byproducts, and keeping a hand on land management. Consumption is the act of apply resources at an uncontrolled rate. It is mainly the result of overpopulation. The population of the world is growing by approximately 212,970 muckle per day and is said to reach nine billion pack by 2040 (World people).As the population increases at this rapid rate, the demand for food, piddle, and shelter will also rise just as quickly. Since the demand for goods exchangeable electricity and fuels also increase, we should consider use a much(prenominal) conservational method to create these items by using more torrential and replaceable resources. Water is the most abundant resources on t he planet. Instead of using fossil oil based fuels to run cars, we should use water. Scientists have already developed hydrogen powered vehicles much(prenominal) as cars, busses, scooters, and tractors (NREL).Another alternative for fueling cars are crops analogous corn that produce ethanol. Electricity is going to unmatched of the most demanded items as the population grows. In some places, fuels are being used to create energy. Instead, abundant resources like sunlight, wind, and water should be used to generate all the electricity that is consumed. But, blush with these methods of producing a scrubbed energy supply, the general population will have to contri only ife to the conservation of the energy.Some simple things that people can do is lower thermostats, use energy efficient bulbs, use drip irrigation to water flowers and fruits, use solar energy to dry clothes, and create a compost to dispose of that waste instead of throwing it absent. As the population is growing, the amount of waste that is produced from the consumption will increase at a much more rapid pace. Each person per day produces about 4. 4 pounds of waste. The majority of this waste is thrown away in the trashcan, which is set at the curb to be picked up by a diesel hand truck polluting the air and using energy, only to end up in a andfill. With the increase in needs of food and other items, more and more trash will result. Recycling is the best way to clutter this problem and keep 95% of trash out of landfills. It is projected that Americans will throw away over 11 million tons of glass bottles and jars 1 million tons of aluminum cans and foil more than1 million tons of aluminum cans and foil, over 4 and a half million tons of melodic theme and nearly 10 million tons of newspaper (Center).Almost all of this material could be recycled, saving millions of trees and over 100% combined energy that is used to make new products. Businesses can also crop their part in recycling thing s such as cooking oil that could be used as fuel in a vehicle. If we do not engage in actions to clean up the resign landfills and prevent future ones, we could possibly be looking at problems such as contaminated water and soil. Land management goes along side of both consumption and waste.As the population increases, more topographic point will be involve for houses, hospitals, schools and businesses. As a result, we must make room by methods such as destroying forest and filling in lakes, rivers, and streams. To us we may only see trees and dirty, microorganism infested water, but these two ecosystem house millions of species of animals and plants that are vital to our survival on Earth. Research states that the earth was once cover by 5. 8 million to 6. 2 million square miles of forest. Today only 2. million to 3 million square miles of forest still remains (Nielsen). By destroying these bionetworks, plants and animals become endangered and maybe even extinct. As a result, t his causes entire ecosystems to collapse. Without plants, animals die and without plants and animals, the human species can no longer eat or breathe, therefore, becoming extinct itself. Humans can take control of this growing problem by considering options like apartment buildings or larger skyscrapers to things like online schools and e-shopping.Without a doubt, the population of the world is going to continue to grow, but that does not mean that the problems dealing with consumption, waste, and land management has to also. If we could use nature made goods like sunlight, water, and wind, we could squinch the amount of energy consumed, decrease the amount of waste produced, and decrease the amount of land destroyed that is needed to serve the population. Works Cited 7 Environmental Problems that were Worse than we Thought. 3 Feb 2008. 23 Feb 2010 . Alexander, Kathleen.Tree Benefits. 23 Feb 2010 . Bureau, U. S. Census. spherical Population Growth. 2002. 23 Feb 2010 . Center, Univ ersity of Colorado Environmental. CU Environmental Center. 2008. 23 Feb 2010 . National Renewable Energy Laboratory. NREL henry and Fuel Cell Research. 29 Sept 2009. 24 Feb 2010. Nielsen, Ron. The Little Green Handbook Seven Trends regulate the Future of Our Planet. New York Picador, 2006. Todays Top Global Environment Issues. 23 Feb 2010 . World Population Prospects-The 2008 Revision Population Database. 2008. 24 Feb 2010

Bias Towards Fathers in Children Custody Decisions Essay

Deciding over children cargo hold has everlastingly been a divisive, if non an emotionally laden issue. In most cases however, it is not surprising to see that most tribunal decisions tend to award detainment disputes in favor of mothers. At first glance, it may seem that royal court judges see mothers as naturally better parents. And on that point are not without unafraid reasons to study why this is so.Mothers, by right of mere logic, are the ones who bring children into the world, and are therefore responsible for carrying and bear them so it immediately seems that they will naturally do much for children throughout their lives in order to serve up and care for them, inasmuch as they have already done much of this work months before children even cypher the world. But tour these reasons are already in themselves truthful, and are thus often taken by judicial courts as sound premises to support custody decisions in favor of mothers, it cannot be denied that there are certain biases towards fathers that are committed in the process.In many court decisions, it seems axiomatic to offer that staminate persons fathers, that is are not being given the same amount of esteem and recognition being accorded to female person mothers. This paper thus argues that there is an existing bias towards fathers in the court system that determines custody cases. And while there are many observations to support such a claim, it may be good to cite at least three. Bias Towards Fathers in Children Custody DecisionsFirst, it is quite logical to surmise that the ecumenic perception about fathers and the sex activity role stereotypes that come with such perception contributes a lot to why mothers are frequently awarded with childrens custody in many court proceedings, specifically during divorce hearings. hands are not now nor have ever been consistently viewed as suitable caregivers. At the actually least, they seem not be as nurturing as mothers. Their sole responsibility is to be destined, it seems, to provide for their family, and not to specifically nurture children.Thus, children and their mothers will always have a stronger attachment because mothers spend much more time caring for the children, whereas the father figure is more often seen to be better suited to be a hardworking, confident, and always providing role model. Besides, it has been argued that, on account of their being relatively unattached both somatogeneticly and emotionally, divorced fathers are more likely to be remarried than their female counterparts (Ambert, 2005).Second, statistical records point to an indisputable accompaniment that decisions favoring enate custody of children reveal a lopsided trend. According to a report by the Canadian Department of Justice, 75% of divorce cases finalized by a contested hearing resulted in sole maternal custody and only 8% in sole paternal custody (Pulkingham, 1994). Meanwhile, in a more recent finding, it was observed that in both the United States and Canada, mothers were more likely to be awarded with childrens physical custody over fathers.It was moreover said that only 10-12% of children were ordered to live with their fathers a trend which has been observed for many years now (Ambert, 2005). Present trends seem to always favor mothers. In fact, Maccoby, Depner and Mnookin affirm that while practical norms suggest that fathers must remain involved with children after divorce, many parents are not rejecting the conception that children, particularly very young ones, should have their major residence with their mothers (cited in Hetherington and Arasteh, ed, 1998, p. 112).Third, legal stipulations governing custody disputes also favor mothers more than fathers on account of certain stereotypes as tumesce. One must flyer that the judicial system was in principle established to look out for the best interests of the innocent as well as those who are unable to secure basic protection of rights for themselves. Who is thus more in need of a judges guidance and assistance than the innocent and naive fully subject beings as children? While men are not to be totally recognized as inconsiderate beings, there are real problems surrounding their reputation.And it seems that their disgraceful track record pointing to how violent can male persons can become compared to female counterparts at homes and the larger communities alike is becoming more and more patent. In fact, according to the Vancouver Police Department, of the 135 cases of violence and/or intimidation in intimate relations describe to the VPD in the month of July 1996, 88 percent of the suspects were male, and only 12 percent were female (Richard, 1996).In marriages and relationships alike, it seems that before or later, men are far more likely than women to get violent or at least get verbally aggressive and threatening with their partners and spouses. These phenomena surely influence, one way or another, the psychiatric hospital of significant paternal restrictions in dealing with custody disputes. By Way of Conclusion How Custody Cases Should Be Decided Drawing from the points that the discussions were able to present, this paper concludes with the thought that paternal custody for children evidently suffers from misjudged perspectives involving restrictive gender roles and stereotypes.The factors that were cited all seem to point to this long-known trend. The numbers have been, and I believe will always be in the favour of women that women out of personal want or societal onus will always feel the urge to be more of the parent and provider for their children. But custody cases should be contumacious not on account of existing gender role assignment or biased stereotypes against the male gender. On the contrary, custody disputes must be decided upon without any compromise to the equal footing severally parent whether male or female must be accorded in the process.Both parents mus t be accorded with equal time for visitation, residence and financial support inasmuch as both parents are responsible for the well being of their children despite the failure in marital union. Works Cited Ambert, A. (2005). Divorce Facts, Causes and Consequences. Retrieved 08 July 2008, from http//www. vifamily. ca/library/cft/divorce_05. hypertext markup languageCustody Maccoby, E. , Depner, C. , and Mnookin, R. Custody of Children Following Divorce in Mavis Hetherington and Josephine Arasteh, editors. (1988) Impact of Divorce, Single Parenting and Stepparenting on Children.Hillsdale, NJ, Lawrence Erlbaum Associates. Pulkingham, J. (1994) contested Custody Claims in Canada. Canadian Journal of Law and Society, 9, 73-97. Retrieved 08 July 2008, from http//fathersforlife. org/millar/custody. htm. Richard, C. (1996). Vancouver Police Department, Violence and Intimidation Against Women in Relationships January to July 1996 as compiled by Margaret Denike & Agnes Huang (1998). Myths an d Realities of Custody and Access. Retrieved 08 July 2008, from http//www. harbour. sfu. ca/freda/reports/myths. htm.