Impact of Culture on Web Design Essay

Websites allow global product and services distribution through intranets, extranets and internet Websites. Both groups of designers and professional analysts concur that a well-designed user interface is an essential component that improves the appeal and operation of the Web, allowing â€Å"browsers† or â€Å"tourists† to be converted into â€Å"customers† and â€Å"residents.† Recognizing demographic diversity and understanding the users are the two main focus of attention in the user-interface development process. However, these differences may demonstrate worldwide cultures in a global economy. The impact of culture in web content and tools is a factor which companies that aim to engage in online international business should consider. Few important pointers should be regarded. For instance, a person has a favorite website, how might this site be understood in countries like Paris, USA, London, Japan, or India, assuming that enough verbal translation are carried out? There might be something in a website’s metaphors, interaction, mental model or even the appearance offend or alienate a user. The date, most particularly, the year, is also one of the factors to be considered. For instance, the year is 2000; in other country’s systems it is 1420, 4698 or 5760. The mere counting system might alienate or confuse users of another culture who are using their own native system. Take into account the order in which an individual prefer to retrieve information. If one is planning to travel by train, would he or she want to check the scheduled information first or go over the organization and evaluate its credibility? Diverse cultures look for different information before they come up with decisions. The complex interaction of user, engineering demands, marketing and business must be decided by web user-interface and information designers. However, as they accomplish these tasks, they would do well to consider their own cultural orientation and to analyze the processes and preferred structures of other cultures. This process would serve to reach a more desirable global solutions or to decide as to what degree customized designs might be best than universal ones. Cultures, especially within other nations, are very different. Colors in Judeo-Christian that are considered sacred are different from the Buddhist and Islam. The designs for background screen patterns might not be suited in Mediterranean climates or in other countries. All these differences run deeper than mere visual aspects; they portray strong cultural values. How might all these differences be translated without getting into the trap of culture-stereotyping? According to Hofstede (as cited in Aaron Marcus and Associates, Inc, n.d.), a Dutch cultural anthropologist who developed the cross-cultural theory, it is hard to establish complete criteria pertaining to what is noble from what is disgusting. Bias will always be a factor because the cultural values of the people are based on their environment and early childhood. Not all in a society meets the cultural pattern but there is adequate demographic regularity to distinguish trends and tendencies. Such trends and tendencies must not be perceived in a negative way as if creating negative stereotypes, instead, be identified as patterns of values and thoughts. It is important to collaborate to accomplish practical goals without expecting anyone to believe, think and act identically. Hofstede presented his five dimensions of culture which have implications on web design. If Hofstede’s theory becomes recognized for user-interface design, perhaps people need to modify the present practices and develop new instruments. People must make it feasible to produce several website versions in a cost-effective way, maybe using templates or any versioning instruments. As the web keeps on developing globally, addressing all the concerns using exploration and exploitation, the cultural dimensions will be a necessity and not just one of the options for a successful theory. References Aaron Marcus and Associates, Inc. (n.d.) User interface design. Retrieved April 28, 2009, from http://www.amanda.com/home/home_f.html

“Red Robin” by Clark Richard

â€Å"Red Robin† by Clark Richard â€Å"Red Robin,† by Clark Richard is one song, which without fail always makes me cry. My little sister Ann and our father danced to this song at her quince for the father daughter dance. It was originally planned for me to sing the song but I got too emotional in order to sing it thus there was a change of plans. This song was written by Clark Richard for a future daughter that he wishes to have. Red Robin,† helped me personally celebrate a very joyous occasion by making me realize my little sister was growing up, letting me know how my parents feel, and by allowing me to show her that our family will always be there for her; especially myself. It has been harder for me to see my sister growing up than some. Unlike other older sisters, where they just had to be an older sister, I helped raise my younger sister. When we were very young both of my parents were in the military and we moved around all the time.When my mom was deploy ed to Germany and my dad become â€Å"mom,† it was horrid. He had never been on that side of the relationship before, where he wasn’t the provider. He would stress out and leave to go work out all the time and we wouldn’t see him for hours. When my older brother was at school, I took care of my little sister. Now don’t get me wrong, my dad was a great dad. It just took him time and patience that he didn’t have just yet to get better and before he would leave he would always make sure everything harmful was out of reach.He became a great mom after a while; it just took time. Until then though, I helped clean, put up my sister’s toys, get us something to eat, help take baths, get her pajamas on, etc. I love my little sister almost like a daughter and in this song, it explains a little girl growing up to be a women and it is a struggle for me because I will always see my little sister as this little girl who I had to help take care of when my m om wasn’t home. In my opinion, this is what also helped me into the mindset of my parents and helped me understand how they must feel.I believe that all parents have different feelings about the love that they have for their children and they all show it very differently as well. The way that Richard describes how he feels for his daughter is moving and passionate. He sings to her saying, in not so many words, that he will always be there for her and watching over her, he can’t rest without knowing that she is safe, and that even after death he will be waiting for her return home. If one was to meet my mom or dad, I would believe that this would be similar to how they feel.I use this song to express the emotion in which me and my parents towards my little sister becoming a women and it makes me want to cry. There is one main lyrical line that even shows the worries and thoughts in which a parent would be thinking through a child life. In â€Å"Red Robin,† Richar d states, â€Å"she knows I’ll toss and turn no chance I’ll sleep tonight till I know she’s made it home all right. † In this line Richard describes how when his daughter is out and about, he won’t be able to sleep at all until she is home and safe.When he states, or sings this line, he shows the compassion and forethought in which a parent would have. He describes how his daughter’s safety matters above all and without the knowledge of her safety he will never be at rest. This is how all parents should feel or worry about their children. The part that frustrates me is that there are a lot of parents who could care less and they just expect their children to be home and don’t even check on them. I have cousins who sneek out all the time and never get caught because their mother doesn’t check on them and they never tell anyone where they are going.They could get seriously injured or even raped and no one would know where they we re. I worry about my sister and when I am home, and I get back from being out, whether my mom as already or not, I always check on her. I see her as a daughter and when she is out with her friends or with a particular cousin I will always worry about her until I know she is home safe. Plus, in my personal opinion, when you have a 17 year old daughter (or sister), you should always worry about them until they get home because they don’t always get into the safest situations; especially when or if they are feeling neglected.Teenagers when they go through their hormonal phases to become adults always have times when they feel neglected, unwanted, that no one listens to them and that everyone’s against him or her and so on. When my sister and I were younger, when my mom was actually home, I was the kind of child that demanded more attention and she was not. Although, now that she’s older, she demands a lot of attention and she gets it since she is still â€Å"the b aby† and she is the only child my mom and dad have left that is not already going to college. When we had her Quince, one big point was to include my sister in every decision that was made.That usually is not true for most Hispanic girls. Usually it is planned for them and they learn the dances and attend, it’s very rare that a soon to be 15 year old girl gets any decision making power in this type of situation, but; my mom is a very open Hispanic. My mom and I did everything in our power to make this whole party all about her and by the end of it, everyone cried, including my sister. If she ever felt unwanted or inconvenienced, it wasn’t while we were planning or Quince and it wasn’t during the night we had the party either. And, even if she did, she didn’t after she looked at the bill.We still have fights today, mainly her and my mom since I’m at college, because she believes that no one is listening to her and that my mom is completely aga inst her. Whenever I come home, if I don’t side with her completely on everything, she still throws tantrums and I have to get on to her and scold her so that she will go apologize to our mom since she wasn’t right and she knows it. She just doesn’t want to admit it or she didn’t â€Å"see it that way†. I love my little sister and no matter how many times we get in fights, I will always be there for her no matter what. Red Robin,† by Clark Richard is a very moving, emotional song. Just singing it in my head still makes me want to tear up. The emotional stress that this song caused me during my sister’s Quince was very annoying but it made me realize and learn many things. This song was written by Clark Richard for a future daughter that he wishes to have. â€Å"Red Robin,† helped me personally celebrate a very joyous occasion by making me realize my little sister was growing up, letting me know how my parents feel, and by allowi ng me to show her that our family will always be there for her; especially myself.

Business Outsourcing and Functions †Free Samples to Students

The process of contracting out or delegating work to people or agencies outside the business premises is called outsourcing business function. It may evolve in carrying tasks, job, or any operation where external third parties are contracted for significant time period  (Riley, 2010). The work outsourced can be performed in house or outside the firm. Outsourcing has gained much importance with changing nature of businesses   (Dendler, n.d.). In last decades, many big and small organisations which are getting associated with globalisation, considers outsourcing function as a positive approach. Geographical limitations are dealt with ease by facilitating outsourcing business functions like manufacturing, customer support, in house support, advertisement, etc.  (ITONews.eu, 2017) The role of strategic management has become important not only to look after business practice carried within organisations, but also manage work that can be outsourced to get efficient work with cost red uctive ways. Since outsourcing itself is a complicated process, a company may face various challenges while implementing it into business  (Pellicelli, 2012). In this literature review opportunities of outsourcing in business along with major challenges faced by it will be reviewed and analysed with the help of research made by authors and researchers along with identifying gaps between the studies. As shown in above figure, the reason to outsource work to external providers is various and thus becomes necessary to introduce it in business. Depending on the nature of business the outsourcing function may vary but the primary objective behind it lays the same i.e. cost reduction or gaining efficiency in work  (Kremic, 2006). For example, in large manufacturing companies where great number of people is required like labours, designers, suppliers, contractors, etc. outsourcing provides great help as requirement of hiring full time staff is not necessary on outsourced areas. In manufacturing firms large number of parts are manufactured by outsourced companies which could otherwise have been expensive or difficult to manufacture by own. In customer service companies like call centres and BPOs, large firms outsource their customer related services in order to reduce costs of making separate department for them in house. Other human resource management tasks like employee training ce ntres, payroll, staff benefit management, etc are largely outsourced in order to get higher quality work from experts  (Anon., 2011). Advertising plays a major role to make enhanced sale of product or services in business. Outsourcing has given industries a great backing here as large number of advertising companies and social media sites gets outsourced by businesses and carries the work in lesser time. Therefore in some or the other way business is largely depended on outsourcing function to expand their work area and bring in efficiency. Work quality is improved by hiring experts along with enabling business owners to give core efforts in major activities for development of the firm. Although outsourcing is becoming centre in today’s business functions, the challenges to improvise them are also increasing. Thus it becomes necessary on management part to understand the key benefits and potential challenges behind outsourcing function in business  (LLP, 2010). The opportunities relating outsourcing function is been developing and is considered to be highly potential in business  (Kremic, 2006). The advantages of it can be clearly seen in running of organisations which is observed and described by different authors. The following figure depicts major opportunity that can be gained by business while implementing outsourcing function. Operation costs reduction: This is the most advantageous feature of outsourcing which helps organisations to eliminate expenses of full time staff for executing operational or manufacturing area. If manufacturing of parts that requires special machine or assistance of special technicians is outsourced, it can reduce the requirement of setting those expensive machines and hiring full time technicians  (Crosby, 2017). Works related to internal management area like legal, planning, product designing, etc. requires expert advices. Outsourcing can provide scope for expert advice in cost effective manner as they may be efficient in their work while giving services to many companies simultaneously. Easier cost control: The role of management plays an important part to recognise cost curtail in organisational functions as if outsourcing is done in proper and planned manner, it can prove very effective in controlling overall costs of business. Like if a company’s work is seasonal, the hiring of full time staff can increase the cost of project while outsourcing can minimise the costs, provided, the availability of staff is possible during peak season. In other areas like cleaning and sanitizing, transportation, currier service, advertising etc. are normally outsourced in large organisations in order to perform the task in effective and cost reductive way  (Simeoni, 2011). Cooperation with specialist from narrow area: The requirement of advisors in legal and administrative part of firms can prove expensive as the specialists charge higher rates if engaged full time. Outsourcing these functions can provide engagement of experts in lower costs as they work together for many companies and take charges in distributed way. Big organisations prefer to hire full time staff for crucial jobs where important data is used whereas small companies find it easier to outsource these functions and get expert advices in nominal rates  (McCray, 2012). Process optimization and rising efficiency: Outsourcing gives opportunities to the companies to get exposure to merchant specialized systems. By outsourcing work to them, efficiency is increased along with gaining quality products. It also enables time optimization by outsourcing time taking processes to outsiders  (Simeoni, 2011). For example in restaurants and hospitals where large quantity of food and vegetables along with other supplies is required to be purchased on daily basis, outsourcing its marketing function to vendors and supply agencies can get their work done in quicker way and on time. Liberating capital for other purposes: While outsourcing work, capital of the firm is liberated and can be utilized for other important areas. For example, outsourcing Social Medias for advertisement or brand promotion will be easier for the company than to make provision for brand promotion by them and invest in campaigning and door to door advertising. Expenditure can be saved as Social Medias provide advertising function in cheaper and effective way. Thus saved expenditure can be utilised in other important areas like planning and executing  (Pellicelli, 2012). Releasing internal capabilities: This function is also very important as many companies take advantage of outsourcing to release themselves from tedious jobs for other important works. In businesses large number of activities is carried and distributed among employees within the organisation and some are delegated to outside agencies. The owners keep themselves free for monitoring and executing confidential functions of organisations  (Kremic, 2006). This function not only saves time and energy of delegators but also helps them in sharing risks with the outsourced agencies. While making contracts and terms, company’s mentions the time and quality required and if the outsourced company fails to do that, they are entailed to bear losses if the products are not appreciated by the customers  (Crosby, 2017). Although there are many benefits of outsourcing, there are many challenges also which are faced by the companies. No matter how much planned or budgeted management is, there are few challenges still met by them which have been identified by researchers  (Wong, 2006). As shown in the figure below, the major challenges faced by companies are considered and discussed while giving suitable example. Loss of control: One of the biggest challenges faced by business while outsourcing some of its functions is losing significant control over the outsourced area. Since the external agencies become responsible for task completion, they might not let the delegators to interfere while the task is been performed  (Arena Solutions, Inc., 2017). Thus before realizing the possession; the owners lose control in those areas. Like in product manufacturing company, the outsourced manufacturer may lose quality as they work for many companies altogether and cannot look at each company with consideration and while they restrict the delegators to interfere with their processes, it becomes challenging situation for the outsourcing companies. Coverage: In larger companies where many tasks are outsourced, it becomes difficult on management part to cover entire area monitoring in regular basis. Challenges relating outsourcing done in house are exempted from this factor, while others like manufacturers, advisors, advertising agencies, transport agencies, training experts, etc. are difficult to get covered under monitoring system of management. For example, in hotel business, where large number of activities takes place like cooking, cleaning, sanitising, marketing, etc. lots of people are engaged and many works are outsourced. Thus can become challenging for the management to look after all areas with concentration  (Gammelgard, 2017). Employment Inefficiency: While work is outsourced, it may sometimes result in losing morale of employees and reduce their work quality. This is another challenge faced by organisations and to overcome it the management needs to consider outsourcing from employees view point  (Sethi, 2011). For example if an important or growth oriented program is outsourced and employees are given only tedious and directive work, they might lose faith in their capabilities and thus reduces work performance and efficiency. Many stakeholders: Stakeholders are the ones who are directly or indirectly related to the firm commercially. When work is outsourced, more people and agencies get attached to the company and thus becomes an integrated part of the firm. To some extent company becomes liable to them as if their reputation is hampered; the affects might also be faced by the company. Thus outsourcing involves many stakeholders who bring in risks for delegators. This challenge is normally faced by big organisations where huge activities take place in speckled and global ways. While the organisations work is delegated in dispersed way and sometimes to other countries also, they become liable for many stakeholders  (Whitebox Buisness Solutions, 2012). Dispersed locations: Most companies outsource work to agencies in dispersed areas and sometimes to other countries also (of-shoring). While the work is scattered it becomes challenging on the management part to deal with them at the time of difficulties  (Whitebox Buisness Solutions, 2012). For example, agriculture functions for producing food crops are outsourced in food industries where the organisations are unable to do of their own. Since it requires large area and sometimes even outsourced to other countries favourable for producing required crops, the challenge of dispersed location is faced. Other challenge faced by organisations while dispersing its activity to other countries is challenge of culture and language diversification which makes difficult for organisations to tackle while trading product and service related issues. Budget inadequacy: Sometimes the outsourcing companies are unable to understand and figure out the difference in costs between self working and outsourcing. If made without proper planning, outsourcing can sometimes prove ineffective function with increased cost expenditure. The challenge faced here is to make proper planning for the outsourcing function so that budget is not disturbed. On the other hand where the business has got limited number of administrators, outsourcing becomes necessary and the budget for it can sometimes prove inadequate for them  (McCray, 2012). Know how: This challenge has two meanings in literature. One reveals the challenge of getting knowledge about the quality of outsourced work while other reveals the knowledge about method used for doing the work. For example, firms relating manufacturing of medicine outsources manufacturing of some medicines which requires special machines and is difficult for them to purchase. While the manufacturing is outsourced, sometimes the product delivered by the agencies can be of inferior quality and made under unhygienic conditions. This can become dangerous and even lead to shutting down of outsourcing companies. Thus a very crucial challenge faced by organisations is getting informed about the procedure of outsourced work  (Wong, 2006). To understand the opportunities and challenges while outsourcing in business is very important as to outsource work in business has become extremely important in today’s business world. In fast developing countries, globalisation in organisations has gained significance which could be facilitated by outsourcing  (Anon., 2011). The key opportunities that lie in outsourcing like cost reducing way and work efficiency are the reason why most companies prefer outsourcing their business function  (ITONews.eu, 2017). The gaps that are identified in this study are knowledge about proper method and technique with which successful outsourcing function can be obtained. Although researchers and authors have provided many important information’s for the company’s who have or are planning to implement outsourcing function in their business, still the effective procedure for outsourcing is required so that it becomes easier for managers to improvise it with ease. In this re search paper the analysis between opportunities and challenges of outsourcing business function have been made after making a brief study about outsourcing in order to attain utmost information  (Simeoni, 2011). While outsourcing, opportunities like cost effectiveness is gained along with increased efficiency on the other hand the company tends to lose control over significant areas. Engagement of experts gives opportunities to firms in gaining expert advices while security risks relating important data are also possible. Time saving is probable if the work is done correctly or else could result in adverse affects. Although the managers are released for other significant growth related works, the quality of the outsourced work is sometimes hampered  (Simeoni, 2011). Therefore after analysing, it can be rightfully said that gaining opportunity of outsourcing is possible only after getting profound knowledge and talent to manage its challenges. Anon., 2011. Business Process Outsourcing. (BPO) Needs, Scope and benefits. [Online] Available at: https://freeinfotipsonline.wordpress.com/2011/07/06/business-process-outsourcing-bpo-needs-scope-and-benefits/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Arena Solutions, Inc., 2017. Manufacturing Outsourcing for Small and Mid-Size Companies: 10 Key Challenges & How to Address Them. [Online] Available at: https://www.arenasolutions.com/resources/articles/manufacturing-outsourcing-challenges/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Compare Infobase Limited, 2017. Challenges Of Outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://www.naukrihub.com/trainings/challenges-of-outsourcing.html [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Crosby, T., 2017. How Outsourcing Works. [Online] Available at: https://money.howstuffworks.com/outsourcing2.htm [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Dendler, M.J., n.d. Outsourcing Challenges and Solutions: The Example of Craft Trades. [Online] Available at: https://www.neumann.edu/about/publications/NeumannBusinessReview/journal/Review_SP06/pdf/woodworkingoutsourcing.pdf [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Gammelgard, A., 2017. Three outsourcing challenges you may be facing. [Online] Available at: https://www.arenasolutions.com/blog/post/outsourcing-decisions/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. ITONews.eu, 2017. Outsourcing – What are the advantages and disadvantages of outsourcing? [Online] Available at: https://itonews.eu/outsourcing-what-are-the-advantages-and-disadvantages/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Kingsley, J., 2017. Why OUTSOURCE CAD? and Advantages of Outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/why-outsource-cad-advantages-outsourcing-john-kingsley [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Kremic, T., 2006. Outsourcing decision support: a survey of benefits, risks, and decision factors. [Online] Available at: https://ankara.lti.cs.cmu.edu/11780/sites/default/files/Outsourcing-Survey.pdf [Accessed 29 August 2017]. LLP, M., 2010. The benefits and risks of outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://www.lexology.com/library/detail.aspx?g=e698d613-af77-4e34-b84e-940e14e94ce4 [Accessed 29 August 2017]. McCray, S., 2012. The Top 10 Problems with Outsourcing Implementation (and how to overcome them). [Online] Available at: https://www.ssonetwork.com/business-process-outsourcing/articles/the-top-10-problems-with-outsourcing-implementatio [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Pellicelli, P.M.a.M., 2012. The Strategies of Outsourcing and Offshoring. [Online] Available at: https://www.aijcrnet.com/journals/Vol_2_No_9_September_2012/15.pdf [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Riley, J., 2010. Q&A - Explain what is meant by outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://www.tutor2u.net/business/blog/qa-explain-what-is-meant-by-outsourcing [Accessed 29August 2017]. Schaffhauser, D., 2005. Outsourcing – What is Outsourcing? [Online] Available at: https://www.sourcingmag.com/what-is-outsourcing/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Sethi, M.S.a.D., 2011. Human Resource Outsourcing: Analysis Based On Literature Review. [Online] Available at: https://www.ijimt.org/papers/118-M514.pdf [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Simeoni, R., 2011. Understanding Outsourcing Arrangements 2. The reasons and the risks of outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://inspiringscm.wordpress.com/2011/03/17/understanding-outsourcing-arrangements-2-the-reasons-and-the-risks-of-outsourcing/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Whitebox Buisness Solutions, 2012. Seven Challenges of Outsourcing Governance. [Online] Available at: https://whiteboxbizsolutions.wordpress.com/2012/03/05/seven-challenges-of-outsourcing-governance/ [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Wong, K., 2006. Top 10 Challenges of Outsourcing. [Online] Available at: https://www.cadalyst.com/management/news/top-10-challenges-outsourcing-6845 [Accessed 29 August 2017]. Looking for an answer 'who will do my essay for cheap',

Problem- Posing Essay on ethic ( Haitian vs. American)

Problem- Posing on ethic ( Haitian vs. American) - Essay Example The history tells us that the Haitians eventually worked as Slaves in the Gold mines of African west coast. These slaves made significant progress and struggled for their freedom. (Unaeze, and Perrin) When people of this origin started to settle in America they came in with their rich culture and language. Haitian Americans wish to get settled and secure in America, the immigrants in the US communicate in their own language building a communication barrier for other whether in educational institutions or workplace. The Haitians have their separate beliefs and practices as well. They even avoid the medical treatments of hospitals and prefer to adopt the traditional methods of curing any disease. For Haitians living in America, the life is full of conflicts. The Haitians have build a wall of cultural and language differences, the emphasis on maintaining their heritage. (Nicolas, Desilva, Grey, and Gonzalez-Eastep) For this reason the US government has formulated few policies for the immigrants seeking asylum. The government concerns about it and works over elvating the structure of society, illiteracy, malnutrition and promotes human rights. Proper medical treatment is given to those prone of diseases and fund in the health and education sector, to overcoming the gaps formed by cultural and language differences. (Barrett, and Cary ) Naylor, Larry.  American Culture: Myth and Reality of a Culture of Diversity. illustrated. Greenwood Publishing Group, 1998. eBook. . Nicolas, Guerda, Angela Desilva, Kathleen Grey, and Diana Gonzalez-Eastep. "Using a Multicultural Lens to Understand Illnesses Among Haitians Living in America."  Professional Psychology: Research and Practice. 37. (2006): 702-707. Web. 8 Mar. 2013.

Environmental impact of carbon fuel consumption ( cars, taxis, buses, Essay

Environmental impact of carbon fuel consumption ( cars, taxis, buses, air plane...) - Essay Example The article cites that they only eat organic food which is mostly grown within a 250 mile distance to make it possible to access the food manually. They also do not use paper, they do not produce trash and most important is that they use no carbon-fueled transportation. Implementing these measures according to Beavan can significantly reduce the depletion rate of our environment and see a brighter future for the next generation. In the film â€Å" no impact man† there are similar measures as there is no use of elevators, television, no cars and/or buses, no cleaning products and no garbage. In this movie the food is also organic and he gets it from around Manhattan. There are critics of his families measure as they argue that starting from the mere air they breathe which is made of carbon dioxide to the buildings they live in which were made by machinery to the trucks that bring food in the city they still are accountable for some of the deterioration of the atmosphere. Howeve r it is important to note that with the level of ozone layer depletion at this point it is crucial to take measures to prevent further or slower depletion in order to have a future. This paper looks at some of the benefits and ways of using less fuel consuming cars and buses to the environment. The Beavans are four months into their experiment which involves the use of non-fuel transportation to run their daily activities. This paper advocates for the reduction in the use of cars, taxis, buses or anything that we usually use daily that consumes fuel. In the article Michelle Conlin asserts that she uses her scooter even in the rainy and snow seasons and never uses any other means of transportation. The use of the scooter can help reduce the carbon emissions significantly in the environment and help in living in an environment that is free of any fuel pollution. The wide use of cars, buses and machinery

Australia Study(Issues for Australias presentation) Essay

Australia Study(Issues for Australias presentation) - Essay Example Others believe that parents and schools should be responsible for inculcating moral values and shaping behaviour of children. In this paper we will discuss who should be responsible for teaching ethics to Australian children. A brief background of the country and culture will be presented in this paper. The role of parents, teacher, and social institutions in providing education of ethics to children will be discussed. Australia is placed in the Southern Hemisphere and constitutes most part of the Australian continent. The country is fairly developed economically and militarily. It is the thirteen largest economy of the world. The country is also placed second on the Human Development Index. Australia is also a highly urbanized country meaning most of the population resides in the urban centres. The country is member of all the notable world organizations and enjoys a dominant position in the world due to its financial position. The quality of life and life style standards in Australia are very high, and corruption level is extremely low (World Audit Organization, 2001). This has included Australia in the list of developed worlds. Financial markets of the country are very developed and this has made the country integrated with the world. Australian culture is individualistic in nature. People follow westernized trends and this is evident in cinemas and theatres of the country (Teo & White, 2003). American pop culture is famous in the country and the society is independent. People live their lives in an independent way without family pressures typical in the eastern societies. Individualist culture is prevalent and people see themselves as individuals rather than as collective units. Australian culture is also influenced by the immigrants who constitute a significant minority. Immigrants are also growing at a fast pace because the population of the country is not growing rapidly. Immigrants have now become

This paper is about African Art. Topic is free to choose anything Research

This is about African Art. Topic is free to choose anything about African Art but should focus on one form or practice of - Research Paper Example Art plays play vital roles in the human lives as it communicates, entertains, a source of income, express the mood in the society, differentiate as far as culture and practices are concerned. Art could also be used to add aesthetic values to our infrastructure, automobiles and clothing among others. Art can attract foreigners from different corners of the world to a specific destination, for instance, a majority of Europeans and other parts of the developed nations travel to Africa just to have a real feel of the African art. They enjoy the African dances, songs, sculptures and paintings among other elements of Art. This discourse is about the unique architecture of the Egyptian’s pyramids as a form of visual art. The Egyptian’s pyramids are some of the most unique and valuable art in Africa. It is divided into various categories depending on the origin (Smyth 2013). The beauty of the pyramids is not only attributed to the structures but other features included in them. For instance, Egyptian’s pyramids have relief sculptures as well as produced wall paintings among other refreshing features. Some of the sculptures in the pyramids include the famous obelisks and the sphinx statues among others (Arnold, 2010). Talking of the Egyptian’s pyramids without the mention of the ancient Egypt history is regarded as incomplete. The ancient Egypt was characterized by desert and dry grassland climates. This could explain why the native Egyptians had to employ some desert features like the sand dunes to construct their structures. They could place huge obstacles in the open fields to trap dust and this marked the foundation or the beginning of their unique constructions. Mesopotamia was one of the ancient towns and it developed due to its two rivers namely Tigris and Euphrates. It’s believed that the two rivers contributed huge to the civilization in the region, as it supported trade and transport from foreigners from neighbouring cities l ike China and India. The two rivers also provided for the construction of the Egyptian’s ancient structures. The two rivers also provided water for agriculture among other domestic and commercial uses. The ancient Egypt was governed by the elite class called the monarch. It comprised by of the top ranked priests among other officials. The middle class was left to the merchants, tradesmen and clergy among others. The final low class was the slaves who were forced by their masters to toil in the agricultural fields and construction labourers. They were Israelites who were once welcomed in the country, but the changes in the monarchy changed their general hospitality in the country. Egyptian’s pyramids with the sculpture of god of the sun Sun baked bricks were the main construction material in the ancient Egypt. The bricks were moulded from the rich Nile River clay then left to dry in the natural sun. However, structure for the top monarch leaders were constructed from th e stones. The country is rich in limestone except the agricultural rich Mesopotamia. The unique exterior walls are carefully to either slope gently or stand vertical. The ancient architecture arrived at the flat roofs due the fact that the country was basically a desert; hence no major rain was expected. The roofs are structurally supported by well constructed beams and columns, both made from clay. The ancient buildings have the native

A business's only responsibility is to produce profit. To what Essay

A business's only responsibility is to produce profit. To what extent do you agree with this statement - Essay Example 15). A business should maximize on value rather than profits as explained by Blodget (2012). Involvement in CRS is expensive but it has a high long-term advantage to the business. Providing incentives to employees is not a waste of resources by the management. Considering the workers welfare is important to boost the morale of employees. Employees, if well motivate, perform high-quality tasks that can attract more customers, rewarding to the stakeholders and so make the business sustainable. It may even draw new employees with a high level of skills. On the other hand, failure to consider employees’ welfare results to unique situations that may scare other stakeholders from associating with the business. Besides, it is important for the business to consider environmental obligations as they do production. Environment conservation policies benefit humans. For instance, the regulations aim to reduce pollutants to the environment. Every country or trade region has it set regulations on environmental factors that businesses should consider in its operations. Failure to consider the rules in its operations, the business is likely to face criticism. Further, it may influence smooth functioning of the business and its profitability. An example is the case of Coca-Cola Company’s failure to ensure standards set by the America’s Environment Protection Agency. Early in the 2000’s, failure to consider strict environmental policy threatened the Coca-Cola Company. The company used non-environmental friendly plastic bottles, for a long time the company was on poor terms with the government or the U.S.A. Though it may be expensive for the business to adhere to the regulations, they are very critical for the sustainability of the enterprise and survival of other sectors of the economy. Adhering to the CSR is important to keep a good relationship with the stakeholders and so for the

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Response - Essay Example The Crisis In Higher Education is an article pointing out on various predicaments that are faced in the field of higher education. In this article, Nicholas tends to inform individuals on more about higher institutions of learning and how predicaments can be controlled. In this case, he specializes in the line of e-learning where he explains more about it and how it can help students who use this technique in learning. The author points out some of the universities where this strategy has been implemented and its benefits to the institutions. Though there are drawbacks that are associated with this strategy, his aim is to make it clear to individuals that the advantages outweigh the disadvantages. The fact that he has specialized in one area makes it possible for the readers to comprehend the content of the article. Confusion in this case cannot be experienced since the article contains one main message. It is therefore easy for all readers to understand what the article is all about . In this case, the author has implemented a strategy of specialization which has impact on readers because it helps avoid confusion. The article is generally meant to convince readers that e-learning is best for higher institutions of learning. ... He states that for such institutions, for effective learning processes to take place, high degree of automation has to be implemented (Nicholas 38). In this case, he wishes to instruct administrators in higher education institutions to implement this strategy for them to have effective online learning processes. The main purpose of this article is to convince the readers that e-learning is best and how to make it effective. In this case, Carr succeeds in his intentions because he points out on the way to make the implementation work which will eventually make the readers especially those who are within the education system to try it. This means that his style of writing effective because the way he puts his points makes the urge to try his ideas arise within the reader. I have participated in learning through online means and it works. I have got the experience and I have not had any problems handling these classes and they seem to work perfectly well for me. There is no need therefo re for individuals to have the mentality that online classes are not the best. There are those who attend classes where they are taught physically. In this case, not every student in that class understands everything. It therefore depends on the concentration and commitment of the student for him or her to perform best. It does not necessarily mean the lecturer should be present physically. The fact that that individuals who are skeptical of MOOCs give a warning that the real meaning of a higher institution lies in an interplay within between the teachers and students that cannot be replicated through machines no matter how classy the programming. This gives a clear impression that Carr does not agree with them because he supports the fact that e-learning can work effectively

Comcast Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Comcast - Research Paper Example The company’s growth has considerably increased for the last few years. Secondly, DirecTV is a provider of American direct broadcast satellite service in California. The DirecTV’s satellite service was launched in 1994; it engages in the transmission of digital satellite television and audio mainly in the United States and Latin America. DirecTV had 19.2 million subscribers at the end of 2010. The third organization of choice, The Verizon Communications engages in broadband and telecommunications business globally; it is an element of the Dow Jones Industrial Average. Financial position of Comcast While conducting a thorough scrutiny on the financial statements of the Comcast during the past several years, it is clear that the company is rapidly moving towards economic expansion. In 1995, the book value of a company’s share was $8.19 and it reached $15 per share in 2009. It shows that the company could double its price per share during this period of 14 years. An increase in share price is the direct indication of increased market demand for the Comcast’s services. ... It has been identified that Comcast’s net profit margin rose from 4.2% in 1999 to 8.4% in 2009 (Comcast). During this same time span, the firm’s operating margins and return on equity notably improved. Finally, the Comcast’s total selling/general/administrative expenses climbed from $5,075 billion in 2006 to $8,091 billion in 2010 (Comcast). Financial comparison As in the case of Comcast, DirecTV also shows a rampant increase in its total revenues during the last few years. The DirecTV’s total revenue indicates the figure $24,102 billion while it was $21,565 billion in 2009 (DirecTV). In contrast, Verizon’s total revenue faced a decline in 2010; it fell from $107,808 billion in 2009 to $106,565 billion in 2010. As a result, the Verizon also faced a decline in net profit by $2345 billion (Verizon). The Verizon’s financial statement reflects that its economical position is not satisfactory. The company’s net income gradually diminished a nd the Verizon even suffered a net a loss by $2,193 billion in 2008. The poor financial performance of the Verizon Communication in 2008 can be directly attributed to its increased total of selling/general/administrative expenses ($41,517 billion) (Verizon). On the other hand, it seems that the DirecTV reflects a better financial performance during the past several years except in 2009. The DirecTV’s net incomes were $1,420; $1,451; $1,521; $942; and $2,198 billions respectively in 2006, 2007, 2008, 2009, and 2010. Although, the DirecTV struggled with $942 billion net income in 2009, it could effectively resurrect in 2010 by increasing the net income by $1,256 billion (DirecTV). Evidently differences exist in the financial statement composition of these three

Coco Chanel Essay Example for Free

Coco Chanel Essay Coco Chanel Coco Chanel was one of the most prominent fashion designers of the 20th century. Her contribution in the development of fashion can hardly be underestimated. In fact, she revolutionized fashion in a way, since she was one of the first fashion designers who made women think of themselves first rather than think how they look for their men, which was a traditional view on female fashion at the epoch. In actuality, the significance and her great contribution in the development of fashion as well as 20th century culture at large was marked by her contemporaries as well as modern specialists. For instance, she was the only person in the field of fashion design to be named on TME Magazine’s 100 Most Influential People of the 20th Century (Charles-Roux, 145). In such a way, she gained a public approval and popularity which made her name one of the most recognizable in the fashion world. At the same time, her life was quite difficult, especially during her early years and war time periods. In fact, she witnessed two world wars but she kept working regardless of all the problems and challenges she faced in her life. In fact, her work was her true passion she remained devoted to from her early life until the end. Gabrielle Bonheur â€Å"Coco† Chanel was born on August 19, 1883. She was a second daughter of travelling salesman Albert Chanel and Jeanne Devolle in a small city of Saumur, France (Orecklin, 49). In fact, her family was poor and she was raised in poverty stricken neighborhood along with her five siblings. Remarkably, when she got her birth certificate her name misspelled â€Å"Chasnel† because nobody knew how to spell Chanel correctly. As a result, the mayor of the city had to improvise and added the letter â€Å"S† in her name, which later became a serious problem for her biographers, who could not trace her origin and define genealogical tree because of such an error in her name (Orecklin, 51). However, the misspelling of her name was definitely not the biggest misfortune that happened to her in her early life. She lived in poverty and was practically of an opportunity to get a good education. Moreover, when she was twelve, her mother died of tuberculosis that provoked a serious psychological trauma for the child. At the same time, her father could not stay with the children all the time. He had to work to earn for living and to maintain the family, in which he was the only breadwinner. This is why Coco Chanel was sent to the orphanage of the Catholic monastery of Aubazine, where she spent seven years and where she received her basic education. In fact, it is in the monastery she learned the trade of seamstress. However, she did not spend all the time in the monastery. During the vacations she went to her relatives in a provincial city, where her female relatives taught her to sew with more flourish than the nuns in the monastery were able to demonstrate. In such a way, her interest, her passion to design had started to develop since her childhood as she learned to sew and gradually she became very skilful in this field. At this point, it should be said that she was apparently a gifted person since she managed to develop her skills and abilities to the extent that she became able not only to create traditional wear, but she proved to be able to experiment and find new, original solutions, which were unusual for her time (Dwight, 119). However, at the early started to demonstrate her talent, which though was immature at the epoch. Nevertheless, her professional knowledge, to a significant extent, defined her further life, as her first job was the work at a local tailor, where she was employed at the age of eighteen as she left the orphanage. In fact, it was her first step in her professional career insignificant it seems to be, but still it was very important in regard to her future professional career since she could have hardly find a different work. Moreover, it was the only work where she could realize her full potential and implement her creative ideas while developing new wear. At the same time, it should be said that she could not afford working at a tailor for a long time because she needed to realize her ideas and she wanted to create clothes of her own. However, she could hardly start her own business, if she had failed to meet Etienne Balsan at the tailor’s shop where Coco Chanel worked. In fact, it was an occasional encounter which though outgrew into a love affair which opened Chanel the way to a new, different and better life. Etienne Balsan was rich and quite influential. It is during her life with Balsan, Coco Chanel started to design hats. At first, it was just a hobby which gradually transformed into a true passion for designing new clothe items, especially hats, where she grew more and more skillful. Her early works were characterized by high originality since they were quite different from traditional hats. At the same time, the high quality of her products attracted a lot of customers, while her acquaintance with Balsan allowed her to engage customers representing the upper-class of the French society (Charles-Roux, 210). Nevertheless, her love affair with Balsan failed to evolve into a true love. At any rate, their relationships did not last for a long period of time and Coco Chanel left Balsan, moved to Paris and took over his apartment in the French capital. In 1913, she opened her first shop, where she sold fashionable raincoats and jackets. Remarkably, the originality and quality of her wear contributed to the huge success of her shop which allowed her to maintain relatively high standards of life and she became very popular in Paris, which, at the epoch, was one of the world’s centers of the fashion industry. However, the development of her business in Paris was overshadowed by the outbreak of World War I, which started in 1914 and affected the life of the entire country dramatically (Charles-Roux, 219). Nevertheless, Coco Chanel had never stopped working and continued designing new products which still remained popular and the demand for her wear was traditionally high. But she had to stop her business in Paris because she was deprived of all her properties. Nevertheless, Coco Chanel was not discouraged and carried on her professional work and designing became an essential part of her life. On the other hand, she could live with her ideas only. She needed money to earn to maintain living. In this regard, the assistance of Balsan’s friend, Arthur â€Å"Boy† Capel proved to be very helpful for Coco Chanel. Their friendship evolved into a love affair which made them very close and Capel helped Coco Chanel to open a new shop in Brittany, France, which, similarly to the shop in Paris, became very popular among local customers (Weber, 35). It is worth mentioning the fact that celebrated French actresses buy wear in Chanels’ shop which was very important for the promotional campaign of her shop. In fact, the interest of celebrities to her shop contributed to the growing popularity of her products and her design in France that contributed to her professional recognition, while the popularity allowed her to expand her business steadily. Due to her popularity, she managed to introduce new women’s sportswear at her new boutique in Deauville. In such a way, she could expand her business, but, what was even more important, Coco Chanel changed the philosophy of women’s wear. To put it more precisely, her new design and new wear made women confident of the fact that they were supposed to dress for themselves but not for their men. In fact, it was a revolutionary philosophy for France as well as the entire world at the epoch of World War I, when the ominance of men was unchallengeable, while the development of feminism was still insignificant (Charles-Roux, 248). Nevertheless, the design and new philosophy of Chanel produced a significant impact on the development of fashion and the 20th century culture at large. Remarkably, as Coco Chanel grew more and more popular she attempted to change some facts from her past. For instance, she pretended to be born in 1893, instead of 1883, while she insisted that she lo st her mother at the age of six, instead of twelve. In such a way, she created a kind of tragic image of an orphan girl, who managed to achieve a tremendous success due her talent and hard work. At the same time, such manipulations with her past evoked numerous controversies which were insurmountable for her biographers. This is why some details of her biography are still quite controversial and unclear. The 1920s were the epoch of the fast progress of Coco Chanel as a designer and her business developed successfully. Her design was really unique and her wear was very popular in France as well as in other countries. In this respect, it is worth mentioning the fact that her acquaintance with Vera Bate Lombardi, a daughter of Adolphus Cambridge, 1st Marquess of Cambridge and Duke of Teck, became of a paramount importance for Chanel’s empire. In fact, Vera Lombardi became Chanel’s muse and public relations liaison to a number of European royal families, including the British royal family. Her acquaintance with representatives of royal families and upper-classes contributed to her empire growth in power. As a result, before World War II, Chanel’s was one of the most influential designers in Europe as well as the world, because Europe, especially Paris, where Coco Chanel resided in the Hotel Ritz Paris, was the heart of the world’s fashion design (Barringer, 28). However, World War II forced Coco Chanel to stop her work and business. Nevertheless, she remained in Paris even during the German occupation. This period in her life was probably the most controversial because, after the war, she was repeatedly accused of collaborationism. For instance, she was suspected of having a love affair with a German officer and Nazi soy Hans Gunther von Dinklage. Moreover, she was even arrested after the war but she escaped the t rial after the interference of the British royal family, but she was forced to move to Switzerland where she lived until 1954. In 1954, she returned to Paris where she renewed her work and her business, but her new collection did not have much success with the Parisians and French because they believe Chanel to be a collaborationist, which produced a negative impact on her public image. Nevertheless, in spite of the failure in France, Chanel had open a new market, the USA, where her wear became extremely popular and the USA became her main market in the post-World War II period. On the other hand, even though the USA was the main market for Chanel’s Empire, Coco Chanel, herself, had never left Paris and stayed in this city until her death on 10 January 1971. She died at the age of 88 in her private suit in the Ritz Hotel Paris and she was buried in Lausanne, Switzerland (Charles-Roux, 341). Thus, taking into account all above mentioned, it is possible to conclude that Coco Chanel was a very influential fashion designer. She had changed the traditional view on women’s wear and she had changed the women’s philosophy in regard to the wear. She was one of the first designers who made women think of themselves above all, instead of thinking of their men when they choose the clothes. At the same time, her personality is still quite controversial because, in spite of a huge popularity before World War II, she failed to regain the popularity in France after the war.

Domestic markets Essay Example for Free

Domestic markets Essay Theoretically, opening up domestic markets to international trade would increase the level of competitiveness in the market place, making businesses find better ways of producing goods more efficiently (at a lower cost). This is because trade encourages greater specialisation, which dramatically lowers costs and more intense competition, which is central to innovation. The graph below shows the correlation of trade and chinas economic growth. As you can see there is a positive correlation between trade and GDP, suggesting that trade is an important factor for the economic growth in China. However, Chinas trade surplus (the value of exports net of imports) is a better measure of the contribution of international trade to the economy. Since 1990, the trade surplus has averaged about 2 to 3% of GDP, exports have grown faster than imports and China has had trade surpluses in all but 1 year from 1990 to 2003. The trade surplus peaked at 4. 5% in 1997-98. Chinas trade surplus of $25 billion amounted to 1. 8% of GDP in 2003. Chinas trade liberalisation has created an attractive business environment and therefore has had a significant impact on FDI inflows. Foreign Direct Investment is usually imported in a country by multi-national companies seeking to take advantage of particular laws (such as cheaper land value, cheaper taxes etc ) to reduce the cost of production and to gain a competitive edge over rival companies. Similarly with international trade, an increase in FDI would increase a countrys GDP, because FDI brings in valuable funds which can be used to increase industrial output, create new job opportunities and sometimes, technology transfer which could increase innovation. However, the already lack of investment, coupled with an uncertain political climate and other unfavorable factors, at first severely hindered Chinese attempts to attract FDI. In the graph below11, you can see that in 1980, the flow of FDI into China totaled less than $200 million. In 1997, however, the flow of FDI exceeded $44. 9 billion, more than 225 times larger than the flow in 1980. Beginning in 2000, investment surged again through a combination of massive government infrastructure spending and investment in manufacturing facilities by both foreign and domestic investors. Preparations to host the 2008 Olympic Games contributed to a further frenzy of construction projects. Chinas late-2002 accession to the World Trade Organization spurred many companies, both domestic and multinational, to invest in China in anticipation of greater market opportunities (appex. 2) During this time, China was the largest recipient of FDI among developing countries, and the second largest in the world. Several factors have contributed to the increase in FDI inflows. China liberalised its FDI regime concurrently with the implementation of its economic reform and open doors policies in the late 1970s and especially since the early 1990s (Appex. 3). Implementing a series of laws and regulations governing FDI, China has substantially reduced investment barriers and improved its investment environment by opening more regions and economic sectors to foreign investors. In addition to such policies, it has the worlds largest population providing an abundance of cheap labour (Appex. 4) and a potentially huge market. Recognising the potential since the early 1980s, countries in the region such as Hong Kong and the Asian Tiger economies have become important capital suppliers. To understand Chinas rapid expansion in foreign trade, it is important to acknowledge how vital Multi-Nationals companies (MNCs) have been to its export growth. It should be noticed that Chinas opening to foreign investment occurred simultaneously with an opening to foreign trade. Even without large inflows of FDI, export capacity might still have expanded but perhaps at a less rapid pace. However, unlike Chinas trade values, FDI had seen a small decline in the years 1999 and 2000. When you combine both FDI inflows with GDP in China over the last 10 years, you can see that even if FDI decreases or remains level, economic growth via GDP still increase, suggesting that FDI is not as important to economic growth as trade. It is also important to note that Chinas FDI performance must be viewed in an international perspective. In terms of FDI inflows per capita, China ranks lower than all OECD countries save for one, and even ranks relatively low among developing countries12. Much of Chinas FDI is short-term, in labour intensive manufacturing, with foreign investment in high-tech machinery and the services sectors lagging behind, Though investment in processing and assembling declined 10%, the manufacturing sector garnered 70% of FDI from 2000-2005. Telecom, electronics, and chemicals also received significant shares of foreign investment. 13 China could be encouraging FDI in high technology based manufactures as a way to encourage domestically owned firms to move up the value-added chain. However, trade and investment liberalisation cannot by itself improve Chinas economic growth. Arguably much of Chinas rapid economic growth is due to changes in government policies that created a socialist market economy in which the private sector plays a key role. Enterprises either owned or controlled by government entities now account for less than 30% of industrial output. We must not forget that the domestic industry has also been a driver of Chinas phenomenal economic growth of the past 30 years. Industrial development has hastened since reform began in the late 1970s, growing at an annual rate of over 11% between 1978 and 2000 compared to an average GDP growth rate of 9.6% during this period, as you can see from the graph on the next page. Chinas GDP growth and industrial growth rates14 The importance of industrial output in the Chinese economy has increased over time, from 21% of GDP in 1952 to 51% at present. Changes in the composition of Chinas GDP, 1952-200215 Government polices provided several short-term burst of productivity within the industry, in 1980 when China began the renovation from a centrally planned to a more market based economy, industrial output rose 16. 5% from 1981-1985. Before any Government reforms, growth rate of GDP was 5.3%, but post-reforms saw the growth rate increase to 9. 7% (Appex. 5) Economists such as Wayne Morrison and Mathew Shane have concluded that productivity gains (i. e. increases in efficiency) were another major factor in Chinas rapid economic growth. The improvements to productivity were caused largely by a reallocation of resources to more productive uses, especially in sectors that were formerly heavily controlled by the central government, such as agriculture, trade, and services. For example, agricultural reforms boosted production16, freeing workers to pursue employment in the more productive manufacturing sector. Productivity can be increased by using factors of production more efficiently, by improving the quality of the basic factors of production, for example, increasing the skill or education of labor. Consumption spending contributed too much of Chinas early growth following economic reforms in the early 1980s. The aggregate demand and supply diagram below shows the level of output at any given level of aggregate demand. As consumption was increasing in China from 1878 to 1882, this would lead the aggregate demand line to shift to the right, where the economy is approaching full capacity output. The increase in demand induces businesses to take more employment and increase output. However, inflation will occur as costs will rise and then prices, as businesses try to pass the costs on to consumers. However, over time, the role of consumption has declined and the contribution of investment has generally risen. Since 1978, gross capital formation (investment) accounted for an average of 37% of GDP, while the share due to consumption expenditures averaged 62%. Consumptions contribution to GDP peaked at about two-thirds in the early 1980s and fell to 55% in 2003. By comparison, consumption accounts for 70% of GDP in the United States. Chinas substantial consumption contributing to growth of GDP17 This lower rate of consumption has made way for the impressive level of domestic savings to increase in China, which has helped stimulate economic growth. When reforms were initiated in 1979, domestic savings as a percentage of GDP stood at 32%. However, most Chinese savings during this period were generated by the profits of state-owned enterprises, which were used by the central government for domestic investment. Economic reforms however, led to substantial growth in Chinese household savings. As a result, savings as a percentage of GDP has steadily risen; it reached 49% in 2003, among the highest savings rates in the world. 18 Chinas rise as an economic superpower is likely to pose both opportunities and challenges for the world trading system. Chinas rapid economic growth has boosted incomes and is making China a huge market for a variety of goods and services. In addition, Chinas abundant low-cost labor has led multinational corporations to shift their export-oriented, labor-intensive manufacturing facilities to China. This process has lowered prices for consumers, boosting their purchasing power. It has also lowered costs for firms that import and use Chinese-made components and parts to produce manufactured goods, boosting their competitiveness. Conversely, Chinas role as a major international manufacturer has raised a number of concerns. Many developing countries worry that growing FDI in China is coming at the expense of FDI in their country. Policymakers in both developing and developed countries have expressed concern over the loss of domestic manufacturing jobs that have shifted to China. Conclusion Throughout my investigation I have demonstrated the importance of trade liberalisation and Foreign Direct Investment to Chinas record breaking economic growth. It is however, very hard to put an exact figure to show the extent of how beneficial trade and FDI have been to Chinas economic growth, but undeniably they have all been part of a cycle, each factor helping stimulate economic growth in certain ways. I do believe that to an extent trade liberalisation and FDI are interdependent on each other, the opening up of markets to free trade has spurred more FDI than it would have if it had not liberalised. Nevertheless, trade liberalisation and FDI cannot by itself improve Chinas overall economic growth. The benefits of trade liberalisation and FDI to particular sectors of the industry will rely not only on their theoretical comparative advantage but also upon their ability to restructure and upgrade operations through technological improvements to take advantage of market opportunities. All factors including industrial output, increased productivity and efficiently within the industry, high level of consumer saving, early consumption and Government policies have all had an impact on the outcome of economic growth. China has the potential to continue its rapid growth in the foreseeable future. The factors that have propelled growth over the past 30 years are still in place. Chinas economy is still a long way from mature status where growth rates tail off. If the Chinese Government wishes to keep their economic growth at such a high rate, they must face challenges such as exchange rates, structural imbalances and a troubled banking system, in order for them to continue to grow As long as China maintains an open attitude toward foreign investment and invests heavily in infrastructure and other capital, it will continue to grow rapidly.

How Ethical Issues Can Affect Each Component

How Ethical Issues Can Affect Each Component This report aims to describe, how ethical issues can affect each component of the marketing mix. The report starts of by introduction to the ethics in an organisation and the importance of business ethics in the society. The report also examines the various factors which have a impact on the ethical nature of the marketing decisions. Two well-known companies have been taken into account for better understanding and demonstration of the discussion. INTRODUCTION A rose à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦. By any other name would smell as sweet. SHAKESPEARE, Romeo and Juliet There is an inevitable and universal cycle between consumers and marketers. The main aim of any marketer is to satisfy customer needs and wants. Marketing provides the exchange link between customers and marketers which would eventually help in increasing return on investment for shareholders. (Smith 1995; Dunfee, Smith, and Ross 1999) Both marketers and the consumers have different mind set while selling or purchasing the products. The sole main of companies is to maximise their profit and consumers is to have a value for money product and services. This difference in thinking leads to conflicts on the basis of ethics. (Smith 1995, 1993) The basic ethical issues like, justice, rights, fairness and equality can be perceived in a different manner by consumer and the companies. (Dunfee, Smith, and Ross 1999) In some instances both consumers and the companies may believe on the same ethical grounds for e.g. in principle, providing a unique, value for money product and services. Whereas, research has shown that there is a wide gap between the ethical philosophies of both consumers as well as marketers, (Singhapakdi et al. 1999) which results in unethical behaviour by consumers including boycotts and protests. (Smith and Cooper-Martin 1997) IMPORTANCE OF ETHICS A CONTINGENCY APPROACH- The ethics era began around early 1980s, when researchers and businesses started giving more attention to the ethical side of the business. (Macchiette and Roy 1994; Smith 1995) Many theories have been proposed since then in order to draw promote consumers rights and moral values. Including- social contracts theory, moral decision-making theory (Laczniak and Murphy 1991), general theory of marketing ethics (Hunt and Vitell 1986) and social contracts theory (Dunfee, Smith and Ross 1999). These theories are basic and are developed over from the old, classical theories including Kantian ethics and perspectives of rights, duties, and justice. The main aim of all these marketing ethics theories and even business ethics in modern world is to increase consumers confidence and develop trust for the companies and thus having customer loyalty. The business ethics also helps companies to gain competitive advantage in the market for instance- Anita Rodick- Body Shop and Richard Bransons Virgin group. REFERENCE NEEDED ETHICAL ISSUES IN MARKETING Marketing in any companies starts with the basic step of marketing research which is then followed by segmentation and targeting the market. Thought marketing research is followed to gain knowledge about the market and the competitors but some how- knowingly or un-knowingly, companies tend to invade the privacy of the consumers by following un-ethical method of gathering information. Even while conducting the research, researchers tend to stereotype among people in order to get the desired result which in turn results in wrong information about customer needs and demands. While s In terms of targeting the market, companies also aim at the young children, who do not have the right knowledge, thus they choose the market audience of their choice knowing they will benefit the maximum. For instance- a chocolate ad will show a kid playing and eating melted chocolate but it never says, brush your teeth after having it. Now, to be more specific, we will look at the ethical issues related to the marketing mix- 4Ps. PRODUCT PRODUCT MIX There are four major issues with products: deceptive packaging, product safety, brand divisive and planned obsolescence Product safety Safety is first. A major impact is being made to make the product safe and secure for the consumers to use. Almost all the products in the market use some or the other form of technology which may or may be harmful for the consumers. It is the duty of the marketers to ensure the safety of the product before placing it in the market. For instance, according to BBC news, 2007, the biggest toy making company in China Mattel had recalled 9 million products due to danger from magnet and lead paint. This violates the consumers right to safety. BBC news, 2007 Planned obsolescence Nothing lasts forever but the question is who and how is to decide the time frame for deciding when is the replacement required. Cars rust, clothes fade or go out of fashion. If companies make efforts to increase the quality of the products, there are many customers who would love to keep their cars for a longer period of time than they can. However, for the producers its a wear-out is positive as it results in increase in demand of their other goods and services/ repeat purchase. Some people argue that if the product has been planned to be obsolete form the market, it violates customers right to choose. The car manufacturers like Ford have recently come up with their latest cars having their body shells much more resistant to rust proving a 3 years minimum guarantee. Ford, 2010 Deceptive packaging This is a very common practice, also known as slack packaging followed by many companies as they show the product to be over sized by packaging effects giving customers an idea of buying more for the same price than the competitor. Product such as- cereals, crisps or even soap powders are such examples. Packaging sometimes also includes misleading labelling. In terms of missing information on package about various ingredients or even a sentence which could be useful in consumers decision making process leads to violation of consumers right to information. Brands Divisive Branding is something that is used by companies to differentiate their product than that of the competitors. The well known sports brand NIKE is supposed to be sport-wear of high quality, durability and is also proposed to be in the top segment in the market. Some people argue that Nike is a brand rather than a product, much similar to the Apple ipod from Apple. Nike does not produce anything of its own. The entire production is outsourced to less developed countries like India and Indonesia. The retail price of a Nike today may be  £100 on an average but according to a report from 2001, the full time wages for an employee were around the legal minimum of 17,000 Rupiahs ( £1.22/) per day. The problem with branding is that big brands like Nike, Apple have all the power, even though they get their products made in poor countries, wealth is still in few hands only. Working is Nike leads to a disproportion of profits and power on a global level due to which poor countries are left with low margin production units. PRICE Price is something of value charged by the producers in exchange of his products or services. The various un-ethical pricing practices are: Price fixing: It is a situation where the competitors agree to charge a fixed, raise or maintain price, in simpler terms manipulate price. Price fixing can be done for different reasons- to discriminate against small firms, remove competition by fixing price in specific areas and enjoying monopolistic market. Thus in 1980, the Sherman Act was introduced to ensure fair pricing between both consumers and businesses. http://bizcovering.com/business-and-society/price-fixing/ Bid rigging This is a situation or fraud where the commercial contracts are promised to only one party even if there are other bidders present. Price rigging is a form of price fixing itself and is illegal in many countries. Usually occurs in big tenders for governments or private companies for construction. The ill-effects of price rigging fall on the local consumers [tax payers] as well as the agencies who seek to bid and thus effects the overall economy. Price discrimination It is often referred to as price differentiation due to the fact that different price are being charged by companies for the same product or service to different customers depending on the market segment and rules set prior to the service, for instance in the travel industry a flight may charge $160 from destination A to B and the same flight may charge $200 to the same destination due travelling on a weekend. Another example can be if u book British Airways from A to B for next day travelling you might end up paying almost double, what you could have paid if you would have booked in 2-3 months in advance. Price skimming Many companies follow price skimming strategies in order to gain more revenues before competitors enter the market. Apple iPhone could be the best example to explain the skimming of prices. iPhone was launched with the buzz marketing and unique technology. They made sure that their target market will jump on the products whenever they launch. Having a high introductory price for one year, Apple gain the all the money and confidence of consumer of a superior product and later slashed the price to gain more markets. Price skimming is a temporary form of price discrimination allowing companies to recover their sunk cost. Dumping: Dumping or selling lower than the fair value is a situation/act where companies charge less in the foreign markets compared to that from the home markets for the same products. Dumping according to WTO is condemned but not prohibited PROMOTION Promotion plays a very important role in welfare of the company and thus sometimes companies do anything possible to promote their offered product and services even by unscrupulous means. Advertisements tell the consumers what they would want to hear about the product. No company would ever promote or say negative aspects of their products. The Ads thus, lack in honesty and the complete truth about the features of the product. Some times while promoting certain products, companies need to make sure, they do their homework by knowing about the culture of the country in order to telecast any ad on the television as no person in Saudi Arabia would like to see women advertising about suits and fairness creams. Or no person would like to see promotion of beef burgers by McDonald in India. Competitive ads sometimes can be misleading and create controversy. Ads also have a Some Taste and controversy Negative advertising False and misleading advertising Creating demand for vice or unwholesome products Tobacco? Alcohol? Fattening foods? Pornography or sexually explicit material? Intrusive promotions PLACE Slotting allowances: The fee charged to have their products placed on the shelves by the retailers to produce companies or manufacturers is called a slotting fee, slotting allowance, pay-to-stay, or fixed trade. It depends on factors such as the product, market conditions and the manufacturer of products and so varies greatly. For instance while the initial slotting allowance in a regional group of stores for a new product can be approximately $25,000 per item in high demand markets it can go as high as $250,000. Promotional, stocking and advertising fees are amongst the other fees that can be charged by the retailer. This practise, according to an FTC study, is widespread in the supermarket industry. Many grocers even earn more profit from agreeing to carry a manufacturers product than they do from actually selling the product to retail consumers. Buyback / stock lift / lift-out Gray market merchandise: Generally, it is a single importer a manufacturer would work in a particular area to sell and support their products. The importer further has local dealers and distributors to whom he resells the imported products; this results in a distribution channel. Gray Market, on the other hand, refers to use of methods other than these normal channels to sell and import merchandise. Items thus sold may not be meeting mandatory safety and certification codes, and so are not supported by the authorized importer and are not designed to be sold in a particular market. It also follows that as there is not a particular market for these items they may not function properly, or the authorized importer may not be equipped to provide service, support or software. OR the unofficial trading of securities that have not yet been formally issued Diverted merchandise Exclusive geographic territories Exclusive dealing agreements Tying contracts Refusal to deal Ethics and the supply chain A claim to be an ethical firm would be hypocritical , if a firm turns a blind eye to the unethical practices of suppliers in a supply chain. In particular: The use of child labour and forced labour Production in sweatshops Violation of the basic rights of workers Ignoring of health, safety and environmental standards An ethical producer has to be concerned with what is practiced by all firms (upstream and downstream) in the supply chain. CASE STUDY On July 4, 1977, a boycott was launched in United States against the Swiss based Nestle corporation over the companys marketing of its infant formula (breast milk substitute) particularly in less economically developed countries. Protesters claimed that the infant formula caused unnecessary death of suffering of babies, largely among the poor. The movement quickly spread throughout United States and expanded into Europe as well in the early 1980s. Professor Derek Jelliffe and his wife Patrice, who had contributed to establish the World Alliance for Breastfeeding Action (WABA), were particularly instrumental in helping to coordinate the boycott and giving it ample visibility throughout the world. Did you know that the most efficient step in fighting infant deaths is breast milk? Breast milk works as natural vaccinations against many diseases. If all mothers in poor countries would breast feed their children for the first 6 months, and partially the next 6 months, millions of children would survive. They would develop a natural resistance against deadly diseases. Baby bottle disease, according to the finding by WHO, kills more than 1.5 million children every year. The cause of this is that the substitute for breast milk is made with unclean water and in an unhealthy environment. Even mothers with HIV would be better of breast feeding their children. In these countries breast milk substitute is lethal! They are poisoning their own children to death! This is murder! This is child murder! So why do these poor mothers give their children breast milk substitute? Nestle told them to Nestle tells them their own breast milk is unhealthy Gives away free samples Buy their way into hospitals to push their product Against the law uses direct advertise to mothers. Because companies like Nestlà © uses unethical methods to get mothers hooked on their products, World Health Assembly (WHA) made a resolution called the International Code of Marketing of Breast-milk Substitutes which Nestle and other manufacturers have signed. Still Nestle do not follow this code, and is reported every single year for violations. Primark tops list of unethical clothes shops in poll that shames high-street brands by Jennifer Whitehead, 08-Dec-05, 15:00 LONDON Low-price fashion success Primark has been named the least ethical clothes brand in the UK, with Marks Spencer also scoring poorly, by a new survey highly critical of the way high street brands source their wares. The survey, which has been conducted by Ethical Consumer magazine, found that only five high street brands scored 10 or over out of 20 assessing their ethical standards. Primark was the worst offender, according to the survey, with a score of 2.5. It is followed by Mk One, at 3 points, with Marks Spencer, Debenhams and Gap filling out the bottom five. http://www.brandrepublic.com/News/532319/Primark-tops-list-unethical-clothes-shops-poll-shames-high-street-brands/ Child labour On 23 June 2008, Panaroma, a BBC show, broadcasted a programme that showed unethical manufacturing practices in Primarks supply chain. Child labour practise was exposed by undercover reporters in three of Indias garment factories sub-contracted by Primark. The BBC alerted Primark to their findings, to which Primark replied: Under no circumstances would Primark ever knowingly permit such activities. Primark has since halted business with the mentioned suppliers, but this action by the company was criticised by child protection groups as being irresponsible and likely to cause additional hardship to the labourers. They argued ensuring better working conditions would have been a better solution. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Primark#Criticism CONCLUSION All in all, it can be seen that in developing countries ethical issues in are highly sensitive to cultural, social and ethnical issues. Thus it is not just an issue of the orient versus the occident. The onus lies on the marketers themselves to not indulge in unethical practices and to respect local values and morals, in order to be a good ethical citizen in the marketing fraternity. Counterfeiting: imitation, faking, pre-emption, prior registration. Consumer ethics: warranty deception, mis-redemption of vouchers, returns of merchandise, recording of music and videos, software copying, false insurance claims RECOMMENDATIONS With public attention focused on ethics, there is a need for stricter controls in business practices, right from framing marketing strategies to finally delivering a product to the consumers.

Night :: essays research papers

A Night to Remember The most traumatic experience I've ever gone through was getting held up by three Mexicans. In some ways I regret my actions. If I had it my way, I would go back and handle myself a lot differently. Luckily, this situation now makes me think more when I'm in other tense situations. It all started Halloween night 2001 in Dallas, Texas. My girlfriend, Tamara and I were driving from her house to mine for the night. It was about a thirty-minute drive and somewhere along the way we got separated. Tamara called me about five minutes from my house and told me there were some guys following her. I said "okay, well meet me in front of my house and I'll see who it is. I thought it would be a bunch of high school punks. Tamara pulled up to my house and so did a red Ford Taurus. While pulling in the Taurus pinned Tamara's car in so it couldn't move. That's when these guys really started pissing me off. The guys in the Taurus didn't realize I was there because I had my lights off so I turned my brights on and speed in front of there car and got out and yelled "What the fuck are you doing following my girlfriend." After saying this I looked into the car and realized that these guys weren't in high school. They were three adult Mexican males who didn't loo k too happy with the words I had spoken. After a brief pause the man from the passenger seat got out of the car and shouted "what the fuck did you just say to me?" I froze in total shock as he pulled a gun on me and told me he was going to shoot me. I was totally numb at this point, as anyone would be. He then started yelling that I wasn't such a big man now and that I was just a punk ass white boy. The man started asking me what I thought about dieing and asking me if I wanted to die. I responded surprisingly calm and said "no sir, I don't want to die, and I’d like to live". The man must have asked me if I wanted to die a dozen or so times. The man continued to walk around ranting and raving and shouting at me. While walking around shouting he was waving his gun in my face which was making me very nervous.

Kmart and Sears Marketing :: Business Analysis

A focused cost leadership strategy would be appropriate, in other words, a attention to consumers. Cost focus is a strategy that will focus on a particular buyer groups or a geographic market and attempt to serve only that place, to the exclusion of others. When looking at cost factors, there are very few options available to K-Mart in developing a pricing strategy to compete with Target or Wal-Mart. Therefore, K-Mart would not have many price strategy options available. However by using a cost focus strategy, and matching the quality of well known brands but keeping cost low by eliminating advertising and promotional expenses will save K-Mart money. Should Kmart and Sears keep their own identities and have unique competitive strategies, or should they be combined in some way with a new overall corporate competitive strategy? Please defend your answer. The key issues for K-Mart strategies are finding the right cost level for an opportunity to be aggressive, and differentiating the product for consumer in terms of different consumer and different intangible product attributes. K-Mart and Sears should be combined with a new overall corporate competitive strategy using a cost focus. This may turn out to be the only sensible strategy, and the one which best describes the strategy adopted. Strategies of cost leadership and product differentiation are often described as if they were mutually exclusive you can either pursue one or the other, but not both. You can either minimize cost or you can aim for the highest quality of product and customize according to the requirements of the market place. Some products are by their nature standardized. However it is impossible to differentiate the product in the mind of consumer. This tends to put all the emphasis on cost and therefore on prices. There is no point in the consumer paying extra for the same products. However by K-mart and Sears should use strategies like changing the location of stores in a more appealing destination. Both would need development of new name brand products, ones that would be lower cost and a higher quality for customers. Question 2 Read the short Kmart case study on pages 161-162 carefully and answer the following questions: What business competitive strategies were used by each of Kmart’s major competitors? Wal-Mart follows a lower cost competitive strategy and cost leadership. For Wal-Mart, strategic thinking is the process of continuously redefining its objectives. Competitive advantage over its competitors both actual and potential and management of risk to levels regarded as acceptable by the corporation’s main stakeholders.

Importance of Nothing in Shakespeares King Lear Essay examples -- Kin

Importance of Nothing in William Shakespeare's King Lear    The Tragedy of King Lear has many important themes. One major theme concerns "nothing." The main focus around the discussion of "nothing" is that "nothing" is a many things. Nothing is what binds everything. The first mention of "nothing" is when King Lear asks his daughters to profess how much they love him. The eldest daughters shower compliments upon him tickling his ears. Yet the Lear's favorite daughter Cordelia will only speak the truth. When asked what she can say to gain her a portion of land better than her sisters, she replies, "Nothing, my Lord" (1.1. ) He exclaims, "Nothing!" (1.1. ) and she responds, "Nothing" (1.1. ). Lear's answers, "Nothing will come of nothing" (1.1. ) As he voices this, he has made something of nothing. Lear takes offense in a true and honest answer. Cordelia's "nothing" will blossom into something tremendous. This is the cause of Kent's banishment and her hasty marriage to the Prince of France. In 1.4, the Fool rattles off a teaching to Lear. Kent (in disguise) says his spee...

Beauty is in the Eyes of the Beholder Essay

Throughout the decades of time, society has been continuously determining the perception of what it is to be â€Å"beautiful.† The American standard of beauty is often reflected upon advertisements that convey an unrealistic expectation for most everyday women. Whereas, teenagers have grown to interpret advertisements as a model for how they should appear physically. Marilyn Monroe was perceived as the epitome of beauty in the 1950s. The well-known sex symbol was recognized because of her curvaceous build. But for instance, Twiggy, a popular model in the midst of the 1960s, later set a misconstrued standard to what was beautiful. With the rising of her stardom, the glamorization of being thin was beginning to take a turn on a more positive note. That is until the famous 90s heroin chic model, Kate Moss, hit the scene taking the modeling industry by storm in an unhealthy manner with her campaign â€Å"Nothing tastes as good as skinny feels.† As time continues to inevitab ly move forward in American culture, as will the image and conception of what beauty truly is in the eyes of our society. The value of women has always been subjectified to that of their appearance; therefore, the desired standard to be â€Å"beautiful† continues to evolve in the wrong ways. Today, the media puts pressure on both girls and women to look a specific type of way and throughout the past several years it has begun surface more frequently due to the drastic lengths people are willing to go to achieve their idea of perfection. Molly Edmonds, a woman who wrote â€Å"10 Ways the Definition of Beauty Has Changed† on a popular health website – HowStuffWorks – exclaims â€Å"the problem is, what society considers beautiful has a tendency to change, which means our pursuit of beauty tends to be lifelong and subject to the whims of trendsetters.† In American culture today, society is endlessly pushing the average woman be compelled to the thought of have a slimming but toned stomach, long but muscular legs, basically, a perfectly proportioned body in order to bear a cceptance from those amongst them. If a young female in this day and age is, for example born with brown, curly hair she might feel as if she has to have blonde, straight hair in order to fit in. As if somewhere in the world there is a recipe for the perfect woman that requires specific ingredients and an  exquisite taste. Most females are not satisfied with their physical features because of the image of this â€Å"ideal woman† that has been corrupted in the minds of people through radio, television, magazines, and movies by advertising with these countless models, which are materialized by their unrealistic slender bodies and high cheek bones. Basically, telling us that we are not good enough on our own skin; that we need THEIR tips, THEIR products and THEIR services to transform into THEIR picture perfect, ideal women. To the naked eye, these various advertisements and ways of entertainment seem to be harmless but in the reality of the widespread problem, the media is relentlessly bombarding us with their desires, permanently damaging the self-esteem of both women and even men. Although it isn’t written about or explained through definitions, we’re able to recognize society’s standard of â€Å"beauty† by the images of the men and women that are chosen to be projected. Beauty throughout the mid-century was evoked sensually through a â€Å"natural look.† Therefore, normal women were discovered for that certain type of look; women like Norma Jean, also known as Marilyn Monroe. Traveling back into the 50’s, a time where beautifully built women were praised by all, both men and women, because of their physical appearance. Marilyn Monroe was emulated for her full-figured stature and ravishing natural beauty. Anne Peterson once wrote, † Monroe was a presence impossible to ignore. Her image signified vitality and brazenness, sexuality and innocence. It reset the standard of what it meant to be sexy, and what it meant to be sexy in public. No star has troubled the status quo as significantly since.† After becoming Playboy Magazine’s first cover model and centerfold, Monroe soon achieved in becoming one of the largest the sex symbols of the decade. The actions people displayed began to transcend from an uptight society to a point where people were free to express themselves. This added a boost to prod individuals into becoming more open with their sexuality instead of hiding their true selves to those who surrounded them. In addition to modeling Marilyn’s acting career blossomed. â€Å"People all over America were buying televisions to put in their homes, which caused moving film to play a much larger role in society than in previous decades.† (Boyd) This new up rise in the ways of entertainment developed a type of industry where physical beauty was essential for making  a career. Marilyn Monroe’s signature blue eyes and curly blonde hair contributed to her stand out look compared to the other popular models and actresses of the era. As the years continued to pass, so had a tremendous development and perception of beauty through the eyes of our society. â€Å"Since the 1960s, models such as Twiggy and Kate Moss have replaced more voluptuous figures like Marilyn Monroe as the new ideal of beauty and the desired male look has likewise become more trim and hard-bodied with each passing decade.† (Tolerence) From the original curvaceous figure of Marilyn Monroe, that had rose along with television sales in the 50s, to Twiggy’s emaciated figure that was popularized as the art of runway modeling began to become more common, and which later returned back to a more waifish or heroin chic look, increasing Kate Moss’ popularity in the fashion industry. â€Å"Twiggy’s role in new fashion portrayal was probably the biggest change in ideals in the 20th century.† This â€Å"skinny† look that was advertised more and more, pushing the image that full-figured models were beautiful too created an uprooting dilemma throughout the years. Taking a turn for the worst in this time period, girls and women then began to obsess over both their weight and self-image. It wasn’t until then was when many of the different eating disorders that are known today were discovered. George Santayana once said, â€Å"Those who cannot remember the past are condemned to repeat it.† The quote is suitable to relevance of the fashion industry; in a way that history does repeat itself. Each year that passes uncovers a new kind of fashion statement. Along with these statements comes a new image; an image on how one needs to look to fit in. What society has had trouble grasping is that physical appear is not what beauty needs to be defined as. Beauty should be defined by the goodness of your heart and the knowledge you enlighten the world with. Works Cited â€Å"THE IDEAL WOMAN THROUGH THE AGES.† DISCOVERY NEWS. N.P. 12 DEC. 2012. WEB. 2 APRIL 2014. http://news.discovery.com/history/art-history/history-beauty-120412.htm PETERSON, ANNE. â€Å"THE UNHERALDED MARILYN MONROE.† THE HAIRPIN. N.P. 26 OCT. 2011. WEB. 2 APRIL 2014. http://thehairpin.com/2011/10/scandals-of-classic-hollywood-the-unheralded-marilyn-monroe Edmond, Molly. â€Å"10 Ways the Definition of Beauty Has Changed.† HowStuffWorks. Web. 7 April 2014. http://health.howstuffworks.com/wellness/hygiene-tips/10-ways-the-definition-of-beauty-has-changed.htm/printable â€Å"SIZE BIAS AS A SOCIAL CONSTRUCTION.† TOLERANCE. WEB. 7 APRIL 2014. http://www.tolerance.org/article/size-bias-social-construction Wood, Louise. â€Å"Perceptions Of Female Beauty In The 20th Century.† Web. 7 April 2014. http://barneygrant.tripod.com/p-erceptions.htm â€Å"Playboy.† Wikipedia. Web. 7 April 2014. http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Playboy Etcoff, Nancy. â€Å"Survival of the Prettiest.† Web. April 7 2014. http://www.nytimes.com/books/first/e/etcoff-prettiest.html